Baalbek-Heliopolis, the Bekaa, and Berytus from 100 BCE to 400 CE : A Landscape Transformed /
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The aim of this monograph is to understand the extent to which the landscape of Roman Berytus and the Bekaa valley is a product of colonial transformation following the foundation of Colonia Iulia Augusta Felix Berytus in 15 BCE. The book explores the changes observed in the cities of Berytus and Heliopolis, as well as the sites at Deir el-Qalaa, Niha, and Hosn Niha. The work fundamentally challenges the traditional paradigm, where Baalbek-Heliopolis is seen as a religious site dating from as early as the Bronze Age and associated with the worship of a Semitic or Phoenician deity triad and replaces it with a new perspective where religious activity is largely a product of colonial change.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004400733
The Athenian Ephebeia in the Fourth Century BCE /
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Based on the comprehensive study of the epigraphic and literary evidence, this book challenges the almost universally-held assumptions of modern scholarship on the date of origin, the function, and the purpose of the Athenian ephebeia . It offers a detailed reconstruction of the institution, which in the fourth century BCE was a state-organized and -funded system of mandatory national service for ephebes, citizens in their nineteenth and twentieth years, consisting of garrison duty, military training, and civic education. It concludes that the contribution of the ephebeia was vital for the security of Attica and that the ephebes' non-military activities were moulded by social, economic, and religious influences which reflect the preoccupations of Lycurgus' administration in the 330s and 320s BCE.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004402058