The politics of trad e Egypt and lower Nubia in the 4th millennium BC /
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Until recently much of the discussion regarding the A-Group has emphasised the influence of Egypt in the region. Egyptian material found in A-Group contexts has pointed to some type of exchange system between the two regions but the lack of A-Group manufactured objects in Egyptian contexts has led to the argument that the relationship was somewhat one-sided. Yet was it and how different were Egyptians and Lower Nubians during the 4th millennium BC? Re-examining the material evidence from three major archaeological salvage campaigns, and using anthropological and economic theories this book takes a fresh look at exchange patterns between Egypt and Lower Nubia. The changes and developments in these relationships potentially impacted the development towards the Egyptian state and the fate of the A-Group.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [317]-350) and index. :
9789004196117 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Civic patronage in the Roman Empire /
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The Roman Empire may be properly described as a consortium of cities (and not as set of proto national states). From the late Republic and into the Principate, the Roman elite managed the empire through insititutional and personal ties to the communities of the Empire. Especially in the Latin West the emperors encouraged the adoption of the Latin language and urban amenities, and were generous in the award of citizenship. This process, and 'Romanization' is a reasonable label, was facilitated by civic patronage. The literary evidence provides a basis for understanding this transformation from subject to citizen and for constructing a higher allegiance to the idea of Rome. We gain a more complete understanding of the process by considering the legal and monumental/epigraphical evidence that guided and encouraged such benefaction and exchange. This book uses all three forms of evidence to provide a deeper understanding of how patrocinium publicum served as a formal vehicle for securing the goodwill of the citizens and subjects of Rome.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and indexes. :
9789004261716 :
0169-8958 ;
The economics of friendship : conceptions of reciprocity in classical Greece /
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In The Economics of Friendship, Tazuko Angela van Berkel offers an account of the notion of reciprocity in 5th- and 4th-century Greek incepting social theory. The preoccupation with the norms of philia and charis, conspicuous in sources from the Classical Period, is a symptom of changes in the shape of ancient economic activities: the ubiquitous norm that one should reciprocate benefit with benefit becomes a source of conceptual confusion in the Classical Period, where other forms of exchange become conceptually available. This confusion and tension between different models of mutuality, is productive: it is the impetus for folk theory in comedy, tragedy and oratory, as well as philosophical reflection (Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle) on what it is that binds people together.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004416147