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Fortress Attica : defense of the Athenian land frontier, 404-322 B.C. /
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This book analyzes the defense policy of Athens in the period after the Peloponnesian War. In order to counter new offensive strategies and to protect vital local sources of revenue, the Athenians instituted a system of territorial defense, based on massive frontier fortresses and a sophisticated signal network. Individual chapters treat Athens' postwar economic situations, the development of Greek military science, the rise of a defensive mentality among the Athenian citizens, theorectical literature on defense, and Athens' military establishment. A major section is devoted to detailed descriptions of the land routes into Attica and of all ancient fortresses, towers, and military highways in the frontier zones. Concluding chapters demonstrate how the defense system worked in practic.
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Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Michigan, 1980. :
1 online resource (x, 243 pages, [4] pages of plates) : illustrations, maps. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-231) and index. :
9789004328198 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
When West Met East : Gandharan Art Revisited /
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When West Met East: Gandhāran Art Revisited is based on hitherto unpublished or partly published sculptures and artefacts from Gandhāra and Greater Gandhāra dispersed in public and private collections across Asia, Europe, and the United States. Its subject is a form of figurative sculpture that emerged in the Gandhāran region between the second and fifth centuries ce and reflects regional cross-cultural elements arising from its direct relationship with Buddhism and to some extent Hinduism, as both flourished in India at the time of the Ku]sā]n Empire. The author's 'Introduction' presents the historical foundation of the innovative artistic expressions that characterize the singularity of Gandhāran art. The first chapter covers the cross-fertilized nature of the art and examines how Western artistic inspirations were transformed into new forms of art to narrate stories of Indian origin. The second chapter argues that Gandhāran artists followed the chronological sequence established in the Sanskrit Lalitavistara, or pre-existing texts which may have inspired this sacred book, when depicting the scenes of the life of the Blessed One starting with the descent of the future Buddha from Tu]sita Heaven up to the first sermon in the deer park. Singling out one particular episode in the Buddha's life, the descent from the Trāyastri`mśa Heaven to Sā`mkāśya, the third chapter focuses on the literary sources that inspired Gandhāran artists. The fourth chapter addresses the question of the first depictions of the Bodhisattvas Maitreya and Avalokiteśvara in Gandhāran art. And, finally, the fifth chapter looks at the symbolism behind the presence of Hindu gods in Gandhāran art.
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1 online resource (452 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004752153
Moving in the Margins: Desert Travel and Power in Medieval Central Asia /
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Central Asia has been perceived as a landscape of connections, of Silk Roads; an endless plain across which waves of conquerors swiftly rode on horseback. In reality the region is highly fragmented and difficult to traverse, and overcoming these obstacles led to routes becoming associated with epic travel and high-value trade. Put simply, the inhabitants of these lands became experts in the art of travelling the margins. This volume seeks to unravel some of the myths of long-distance roads in Central Asia, using a desert case-study to put forward a new hypothesis for how medieval landscapes were controlled and manipulated.
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1 online resource (300 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004710283
Seven Weeks after the Buddha's Enlightenment : Contradictions in Text, Confusions in Art /
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This groundbreaking volume explores a revelatory Andharan style relief recently discovered in Sri Lanka. It adds to the growing body of archaeological evidence of important exchanges between the Buddhists of Sri Lanka and their co-religionists in the Krishna Valley. This relief is the most ancient document attested to date depicting the events that took place during the first seven weeks following the enlightenment of the Buddha. Its unique iconography leads the author to closely examine contradictions between literary evidence and visual representations of what is known as the sambodhi, or 'perfect awakening', of the Buddha. According to the classic Buddhist texts, the Mahāvastu and the Lalitavistara, the Buddha spent seven weeks after his enlightenment near the Bodhi tree. By contrast, the Buddhist canonical text the Vinaya-Pitaka describes this period as only four weeks long. Sri Lankan and Burmese artists have preferred to depict the seven-week account. Furthermore, the 'seven-week' motif depicted in this Andharan relief follows the chronological order given in the important Pāli texts, the Nidānakathā and the Mahābodhi-Vamsa. The textual confusions and artistic contradictions uncovered by this volume present a bigger picture of the complex ways in which the story of the Buddha's life was imagined in the earliest period of recorded Buddhist history. The present study is the first in a series of books by this author on Buddhist art.
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1 online resource (76 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004752061
Relational Iconography, Representational Culture at the Qaraquyunlu and Aqquyunlu Courts (853 / 1449 CE to 907 / 1501 CE) /
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In Relational Iconography: Representational Culture at the Qaraquyunlu and Aqquyunlu Courts (853 / 1449 CE to 907 / 1501 CE) , Georg Leube engages with courtly representation from an iconographical perspective, tracing the intersecting agencies of courtly actors negotiating multiple normativities and traditions. While the courtly culture of the Qaraquyunlu and Aqquyunlu dynasties (15th century C.E.) is commonly interpreted as an intermezzo in Persianate and Islamicate cultural history, it is here framed as an ideal field to explore a relational approach that challenges established dichotomies and ideal types. By reading multiple mediums and discourses into each other, Georg Leube shows how courtly performance is rooted in iconographical repertoires that resonated with different networks and groups inside the 'Turkmen' realms. .
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1 online resource (480 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004541511
9789004541528
Lines on Stone : The Prehistoric Rock Art of India. Revised and Enlarged Edition including 2500 Illustrations from the Clayman Archive /
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Lines on Stone and the accompanying CD-Rom of the dayman Archive offer an encyclopaedic view of the pre- and protohistoric Rock Art of India. The 3,000 or so illustrations give a sweeping view of the aesthetic as well as thematic vastness of the earliest Indian art. We see people in their daily chores, women nursing babies, carrying baskets, catching rats, working grinders, emptying baskets, while men with their microlith tipped spears hunt animals, climb trees, shoot their arrows at birds or fish. But we also see many enigmatic sceneries, which we can not 'read' any more, but then we know that the people of long past must have had their own mythologies which we might not be able to disentangle any more. These rock pictures therefore are a treasure which has to be cherished and protected like the proverbial apple of the eye: it is our only possibility to look into our own past, a past of which we have little otherwise. Although rock pictures were noticed by antiquarians in the nineteenth century, the systematic study of these pictures started only after the discovery of Bhimbetka and the excavations which followed during the 1970s. Bhimbetka is by now a well known rock art site, a tourist site of the first order in Central India on which the prestigious UN world heritage status of cultural property of mankind was conferred. But it also should be remembered that many more such sites are threatened by the economic transformation of India.
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1 online resource (2492 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004753358
Ancient Egyptian prisoner statues : fragments of the late Old Kingdom /
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"During the Old Kingdom, the ancient Egyptians constructed elaborately decorated mortuary monuments for their pharaohs. By the late Old Kingdom (ca. 2435-2153 BCE), these pyramid complexes began to contain a new and unique type of statue, the so-called prisoner statues. Despite being known to Egyptologists for decades, these statues of kneeling, bound foreign captives have been only partially documented, and questions surrounding their use, treatment, and exact meaning have remained unanswered. Ancient Egyptian Prisoner Statues-the first comprehensive analysis of the prisoner statues-addresses this gap, demonstrating that the Egyptians conceived of and used the prisoner statues differently over time as a response to contemporary social, cultural, and historical changes. In the process, the author contributes new data and interpretations on topics as diverse as the purpose and function of the pyramid complex, the ways in which the Egyptians understood and depicted ethnicity, and the agency of artists in ancient Egypt. Ultimately, this volume provides a fuller understanding of not only the prisoner statues but also the Egyptian late Old Kingdom as a whole"--
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xv, 219 pages : illustrations (some color), maps (black-and-white) ; 29 cm. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9781948488877
1948488876
Myth, History and Archaeology : Essays and Reviews, 2000-2025 /
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A bronze mirror of the fourth century BC shows a she-wolf suckling infant twins. You may think that's a familiar story, but who are the other figures in the scene, and why is there a lion so prominent in the foreground? The image typifies the problems involved in studying the history and evolution of mythic stories in the ancient world. This collection of studies, prompted by a famous archaeologist's quasi-historical reinterpretation of the Romulus legend, seeks to achieve greater clarity by avoiding abstract concepts like 'oral tradition' or 'cultural memory' and paying close attention to what the primary sources presuppose.
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1 online resource (344 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004742901
Watching the Virtues : Playbills, Drama and the Teaching of Civic Virtue in the Jesuit Theatre of Poland-Lithuania /
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In Watching the Virtues, Jolanta Rzegocka offers an account of the Jesuit theatre in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth through the playbills, which record an astonishing variety of story designs and tales crafted for the stage. Her study reveals the profound role of Jesuit theatre (1564-1733) in the education of Polish-Lithuanian youth, mostly of Catholic but also of other faiths, aiming to instil virtues within the political and social fabric of the Commonwealth. Drawing from over 800 playbills, college playbooks, diaries as well as newly uncovered plays, Rzegocka paints a picture of a theatre deeply engaged with contemporary political and moral issues. She demonstrates how Jesuit theatre extended beyond educational institutions, influencing broader political discussions and public life, particularly regarding issues of authority, faith, and ethical behaviour. The study presents as a cultural phenomenon the diffusion through Jesuit theatre of Anglo-Scottish themes and narratives in Poland-Lithuania and discusses a hitherto unknown play about Thomas More (1765).
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1 online resource (708 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004697270
Gurdjieff and music : the Gurdjieff/de Hartmann piano music and its esoteric significance /
: 1 online resource (xvi, 279 pages) : illustrations, music. : Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-274) and index. : 9789004284449 : 1871-1405 ; : Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Inscriptions from Lisht : Texts from Burial Chambers /
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The inscribed objects found in or associated with the burial chambers of Middle Kingdom officials and other individuals provide an important addition to our understanding and appreciation of ancient Egyptian funerary culture. These include the coffins and sarcophagi as well as canopic chests and jars, mummy masks, ivory wands, miniature coffins, and shawabtis. This volume incorporates all such inscribed material associated with more than one hundred burial chambers and graves found at Lisht North and Lisht South, two sites excavated by the Egyptian Expedition of The Metropolitan Museum of Art from 1907 until 1934 and from 1984 to 1991. Two kings, several members of the royal family, and many elite persons, as well as a community of middle-class people found their resting place in and around the royal pyramids at Lisht, which served as the principal cemetery for Egypt's capital during the Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030-1650 B.C.). The material in the corpus published here represents a sequence of seven chronological phases at Lisht that range from the reigns of the kings Amenemhat I and Senwosret I through the late Dynasty XIII and the Second Intermediate Period. The inscribed texts presented in this corpus are transliterated and translated, and are accompanied by extensive drawings that meticulously detail these texts, as well as annotations to some previously published material. The lavishly illustrated volume includes heretofore unpublished photographs from the Department of Egyptian Art's archives. Each object described in Inscriptions from Lisht has been assigned a code referring to the primary individual associated with it, and its description includes transliterations of the deceased's name(s) and title(s). Because the location of an inscription on a coffin or sarcophagus is usually significant and because some of these include multiple texts, the author has designed a system of references that reflects the location on the object. Further, the catalogue of objects draws on Museum archives and also provides information concerning the findspot and current location of the object as well as relevant archival material and bibliography." --Provided by publisher
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xi +74 pages; 251 black and white and color illustrations : illustrations (some color) ; 36 cm. :
Includes Director's Foreword. :
9781588397164
Warfare in Ancient India : Organisational and Operational Dimensions /
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The military history of ancient India has not attracted the attention of scholars in sufficient measure. Naturally, not many good books are available on the subject. Consequently, Indians know little about the military system followed by their ancestors. A serious effort is, therefore, needed to analyse and interpret the source material which lies scattered in ancient Indian literature, including scriptures and archaeological remains including inscriptions and coins, to produce a tangible thesis on the subject. This book is an humble effort in that direction. The book tries to present a complete picture of Indian military system from the earliest times. The topics covered include military organization, conduct of war, strategical and tactical concepts, weapons and armour, fortification, education and training and ceremonials. Some ancillary aspects related to war such as defence production, logistics, intelligence, medical services, engineering, signals, etc., have also been covered. The study is based on historical data. The myths and legends if not supported by historical evidence has been ignored. Each chapter is a complete study and is intended to generate a new thinking on the subject among lay readers and scholars alike.
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1 online resource (432 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004752894
Portraits of Medea in Portugal during the 20th and 21st Centuries
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The theme of Medea in Portuguese literature has mainly given rise to the writing of new plays on the subject. The central episode in the Portuguese rewritings in the last two centuries is the one that takes place in Corinth, id est, the break between Medea and Jason, on the one hand, and Medea's killing of their children in retaliation, on the other. Besides the complex play of feelings that provides this episode with very real human emotions, gender was a key issue in determining the interest that this story elicited in a society in search of social renovation, after profound political transformations - during the transition between dictatorship and democracy which happened in 1974 - that generated instability and established a requirement to find alternative rules of social intercourse in the path towards a new Portugal.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004383395 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The Myth of Lycurgus in Aeschylus, Naevius, and beyond /
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Lycurgus, the king of the Thracian tribe of the Edonians, is the hero of the first attested Greek myth about the resistance against the god Dionysus. According to many scholars, Lycurgus was worshipped as a god among the Thracians, Phrygians, and Syrians. His myth might have been used as a hieros logos in the initiations into the 'Bacchic' and 'Orphic' mysteries in Greece and Rome. This book focuses on Aeschylus' tragic tetralogy Lycurgeia and Naevius' tragedy Lycurgus , the two most important texts that shaped the tradition of the Lycurgus myth, and offers a new and, at times, radically different interpretation of these fragmentary plays and related cultural texts.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004463035
9789004463028
European Military Books and Intellectual Cultures of War in 17th-Century Russia : From Translation to Adaptation /
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This book discusses the role Western military books and their translations played in 17th-century Russia. By tracing how these translations were produced, distributed and read, the study argues that foreign military treatises significantly shaped intellectual culture of the Russian elite. It also presents Tsar Peter the Great in a new light - not only as a military and political leader but as a devoted book reader and passionate student of military science.
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1 online resource (384 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004710535
Like Dust on the Silk Road : On the Earliest Iranian and BMAC Loanwords in Tocharian /
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How did the Tocharians reach China? "Who did they meet on the way?" are some of the most intriguing questions in Indo-European studies. This book is zooming in on a specific part of the question: on their way to China, Tocharians were in contact with an Iranian people living in the south Siberian Steppes, and with a people related to the Oxus Civilization (BMAC). This Iranian people spoke a specific language, called here "Old Steppe Iranian". They gave Tocharians many words, such as mañiye 'servant', etswe 'burden-carrying horse' or 'mule', pāke 'portion, share'. The BMAC-related people gave the Tocharians other words such as etre 'hero' and kercapo 'donkey'. This book reconstructs features of the language of both these peoples, and examines how they influenced the Tocharians. Based on the latest archaeological findings, it also suggests a reconstruction of the chronology and the way the Tocharians followed before entering the Tarim Basin. Winner of the 2nd prize for the best dissertation of the Indogermanische Gesellschaft prize for the best Indo-European studies dissertation.
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1 online resource (340 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004732537