Interpretation of Customary International Law : Of Methods and Limits /
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In international law interpretation is ubiquitous. However, whereas in the case of treaty interpretation, this process has been codified in Articles 31-33 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the interpretation of rules of customary international law has remained largely unexplored. This monograph demonstrates not only that rules of customary international law can be interpreted but also that they have continuously been interpreted by international and domestic courts. Through an examination of this case-law, the various methods of interpretation of customary rules and their limits are identified as well as the similarities and differences with the rules of treaty interpretation.
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Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004529991
Religious Freedom without the Rule of Law : The Constitutional Odysseys of Afghanistan, Egypt, and Iraq and the Fate of the Middle East /
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The volume compares the efforts to instil the values and practices of the rule of law in the Middle East in the early twenty-first century with their disappointing performances in terms of safety, human rights, and, especially, religious freedom. It zooms in on Afghanistan, Egypt, and Iraq to argue that international interventions and local initiatives underestimated the ethno-religious mosaic of these countries and their political and constitutional culture. The standard notion of the rule of law values individualism, equality, rights, and courts, which hardly fit the makeup of the Middle East. Securing stability and protecting religious freedom in the region requires compromising on the rule of law; the consociational model of constitutionalism would have better chances of achieving them.
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Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004533226