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Alone before the God: Gender, Status, and Nefertiti’s Image /
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Two architectural elements from Akhenaten’s early buildings at Karnak temple, a gateway and a set of pillars, are decorated with scenes of Nefertiti worshipping the Aten alone with only her daughters in attendance. Assumed to be examples of Nefertiti acting independently in the Aten cult, these monuments are sometimes hailed as precursors to the Sunshade of Re/sun temple structures so popular at Tell el-Amarna, most of which are associated with Akhenaten’s female family members. In this article these monuments are studied in the context of scenes reconstructed from Kom el-Nana, a Sunshade of Re at Tell el-Amarna, and other examples of women shown as the sole ritualist before a deity. It is proposed that images of Nefertiti acting alone are an indication of her lower status in the early part of Akhenaten’s reign, and that her status was elevated after the erection of the gateway and pillars. Nefertiti did not yet have enough status to act along side Akhenaten before year 6, and the gateway and pillars from Karnak cannot be considered precursors of Sunshade of Re temples, or as evidence for her independence in the Aten cult. In conclusion it is suggested that conversations about ancient women in religious hierarchies should be shifted from discussions about agency and power to discussions about importance, as a means to avoid the anachronistic application of western feminist thought to ancient evidence.
Beyond Schools: Muḥammad born Ibrāhīm al-Wazīrʼs (d. 840/1436) Epistemology of Ambiguity.
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In Beyond Schools: Muḥammad born Ibrāhīm al-Wazīrʼs (d. 840/1436) Epistemology of Ambiguity , Damaris Wilmers provides the first extensive analysis of Ibn al-Wazīrʼs thought and its role in the "Sunnisation of the Zaydiyya", emphasizing its significance for conflicts between schools of thought and law beyond the Yemeni context. Contrasting Ibn al-Wazīrʼs works with those of his Zaydi contemporary Aḥmad born Yaḥyā born al-Murtaḍā, Damaris Wilmers offers a study of a number of heretofore unedited texts from 9th/15th century Yemen when Zaydi identity was challenged by an increasing theological and legal diversity. She shows how Ibn al-Wazīr, who has been classed with different schools, actually de-emphasized school affiliation and developed an integrative approach based on a unique theory of knowledge.
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1 online resource. :
9789004381117
'Justification by grace alone' facing Confucian self-cultivation : the Christian doctrine of justification contextualized to new Confucianism /
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Chinese contexts as influenced by the religious moral philosophy of New Confucianism are characterized by the idea of becoming a sage through self-cultivation. For Christian theology - with its emphasis on God's grace rather than on self-cultivation - Confucian teaching in this matter may appear as a problem. Chinese Christian theology may ask: How can the Christian doctrine of justification by grace alone be contextualized in Chinese contexts which are characterized by the contradicting idea of self-cultivation? Another question may be equally interesting for Christian theology in all contexts: Which insights can be attained from an attempt at contextualizing the Christian doctrine of justification to contexts influenced by New Confucianism? In this book professor Arne Redse contributes to answering these questions.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004302587 :
1876-1518 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Studies in ancient Judaism and early Christianity /
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Over the past 45 years Professor Pieter W. van der Horst contributed extensively to the study of ancient Judaism and early Christianity. The 24 papers in this volume, written since his early retirement in 2006, cover a wide range of topics, all of them concerning the religious world of Judaism and Christianity in the Hellenistic, Roman, and early Byzantine era. They reflect his research interests in Jewish epigraphy, Jewish interpretation of the Bible, Jewish prayer culture, the diaspora in Asia Minor, exegetical problems in the writings of Philo and Josephus, Samaritan history, texts from ancient Christianity which have received little attention (the poems of Cyrus of Panopolis, the Doctrina Jacobi nuper baptizati, the Letter of Mara bar Sarapion), and miscellanea such as the pagan myth of Jewish cannibalism, the meaning of the Greek expression 'without God,' the religious significance of sneezing in pagan antiquity, and the variety of stories about pious long-sleepers in the ancient world (pagan, Jewish, Christian).
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and indexes. :
9789004271111 :
0169-734X ;
Empsychoi logoi--religious innovations in antiquity : studies in honour of Pieter Willem van der Horst /
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The fact that religions show internal variation and develop over time is not only a problem for believers, but has also long engaged scholars. This is especially true for the religions of the ancient world, where the mere idea of innovation in religious matters evoked notions of revolution and destruction. With the emergence of new religious identities from the first century onwards, we begin to find traces of an entirely new vision of religion. The question was not whether a particular belief was new, but whether it was true and the two were no longer felt to be mutually exclusive. The present volume brings together articles that study this transformation, ranging from broad overviews to detailed case-studies.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789047433224 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Early Ibadī theology : six kalam texts /
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Early Ibāḍī Theology presents the critical edition of six Arabic theological texts recently discovered in two manuscripts in Mzāb in Algeria dating from the middle of the 8th century. The texts were sent by their author, the prominent Kūfan Ibāḍī kalām theologian 'Abd Allāh born Yazīd al-Fazārī to North Africa where he had a large following in the Ibāḍī community later known as the Nukkār. They constitute the earliest extant body of Muslim kalām theology and are vital for the study of the initial development of rational theology in Islam. The sophisticated treatment of the divine attributes in these texts indicates that this subject developed considerably earlier in Islamic theology than previously accepted in modern scholarship.
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1 online resource (pages) :
9789004274594 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Knowledge of God in the Graeco-Roman world /
: Papers presented at an international symposium at the University of Utrecht, 1986 on the occasion of the University's 350th anniversary. : 1 online resource (vi, 290 pages) : Includes bibliographical references and indexes. : 9789004296671 : 0531-1950 ; : Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Faces of God:Images of Devotion in Indo-Muslim Painting, 1500-1800 /
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Assumptions concerning iconophobia in Islam has meant that scholarship has largely failed to situate figural artworks made for South Asia's Muslim audiences within Islamic intellectual and religious histories. Artworks explored in this book were made for people shaped by Muslim devotion and ritual. Central to this story are the royal Mughal siblings, Jahanara Begum and Dara Shikoh, and their spiritual guide Mulla Shah. Among other themes, the book contextualizes artworks made for the imperial siblings by placing them next to their writings, most of which an English reading audience will encounter for the first time.
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1 online resource (330 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004549449
Revelation and falsification : the Kitāb al-qirāʼāt of Aḥmad born Muḥammad al-Sayyārī /
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For all Muslims the Qurʾan is the word of God. In the first centuries of Islam, however, many individuals and groups, and some Shiʿis, believed that the generally accepted text of the Qurʾan is corrupt. The Shiʿis asserted that redactors had altered or deleted among other things all passages that supported the rights of ʿAli and his successors or that condemned his enemies. One of the fullest lists of these alleged changes and of other variant readings is to be found in the work of al-Sayyārī (3rd/9th century), which is indeed among the earliest Shiʿi books to have survived. In many cases the alternative readings that al-Sayyārī presents substantially contribute to our understanding of early Shiʿi doctrine and of the early and numerous debates about the Qurʾan in general.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [291]-324) and indexes. :
9789047441991 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Julian von Aeclanum - Ad Florum liber primus : Text, Übersetzung und Kommentar /
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In diesem Buch analysiert Veronika Müller Julians Werk Ad Florum 1 , das durch Augustinus im Contra Iulianum opus imperfectum ausführlich zitiert und kommentiert wurde. Ad Florum 1 wird erstmalig in einem zusammenhängenden Textfluss ohne Augustins Kommentare, mit einer deutschen Übersetzung und einem Kommentar dargeboten. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse sind in der Hinführung gesammelt, die dem Leser eine gute Orientierung für die Interpretation des lateinischen Textes ermöglicht. Veronika Müller erhellt mit ihrer Untersuchung den literarischen und philosophisch-theologischen Kontext von Julians Werk und rückt insbesondere Julians rhetorisch-argumentative Vorgehensweise ins Zentrum der Betrachtung. In this volume Veronika Müller examines Julian's work Ad Florum 1 , which is both quoted and commented by Augustine in his Contra Iulianum opus imperfectum. For the first time, Ad Florum 1 is offered in continuous text without Augustine's comments, including a German translation and with a commentary. The most important findings are collected in the introduction providing the reader with a compass to the interpretation of the Latin text. With her analysis, Veronika Müller illuminates the literary and philosophical-theological context of Julian's work particularly focusing on Julian's rhetorical-argumentative approach.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004510692
9789004510500
Pure gold from the words of Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh =al-Dhabab al-Ibrīz min kalām Sayyidī ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz al-Dabbāgh /
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Around 1720 in Fez Aḥmad born al-Mubārak al-Lamaṭī, a religious scholar, wrote down the words and teachings of the Sufi master ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Dabbāgh. Al-Dabbāgh shunned religious studies but, having reached illumination and met with the Prophet Muḥammad, he was able to explain any obscurities in the Qurʾān, ḥadīth s and sayings of earlier Sufis. The resulting book, known as the Ibrīz , describes how al-Dabbāgh attained illumination and access to the Prophet, as well as his teachings about the Council of the godly that regulates the world, relations between master and disciple, the darkness in men's bodies, Adam's creation, Barzakh, Paradise and Hell, and much more besides. This 'encyclopaedia' of Sufism with its many teaching stories and illustrations provides a window onto social life and religious ideas in Fez a generation or so before powerful outside forces began to play a role in the radical transformation of Morocco.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [933]-944) and indexes. :
9789047432487 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Human Sacrifice in Jewish and Christian Tradition.
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This volume asks to which extent ancient practices and traditions of human sacrifice are reflected in medieval and modern Judeo-Christian times. The first part of the volume, on antiquity, focuses on rituals of human sacrifice and polemics against it, as well as on transformations of human sacrifice in the Israelite-Jewish and Christian cultures, while the Ancient Near East and ancient Greece are not excluded. The second part of the volume, on medieval and modern times, discusses human sacrifice in Jewish and Christian traditions as well as the debates about euthanasia and death penalty in the Western world.
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1 online resource. :
9789047409403
Biblical exegesis without authorial intention? : interdisciplinary approaches to authorship and meaning /
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In Biblical Exegesis without Authorial Intention? Interdisciplinary Approaches to Authorship and Meaning , Clarissa Breu offers interdisciplinary contributions to the question of the author in biblical interpretation with a focus on "death of the author" theory. The wide range of approaches represented in the volume comprises mostly postmodern theory (e. g. Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Paul de Man, Julia Kristeva and Gilles Deleuze), but also the implied author and intentio operis. Furthermore, psychology, choreography, reader-response theories and anthropological studies are reflected. Inasmuch as the contributions demonstrate that biblical studies could utilize significantly more differentiated views on the author than are predominantly presumed within the discipline, it is an invitation to question the importance and place attributed to the author.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004379558 :
0928-0731 ;
Religions and trade : religious formation, transformation, and cross-cultural exchange between East and West /
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In Religions and Trade a number of international scholars investigate the ways in which eastern and western religions were formed and transformed from the perspective of "trade." Trade changes religions. Religions expand through the help of trade infrastructures, and religions extend and enrich the trade relations with cultural and religious "commodities" which they contribute to the "market place" of human culture and religion. This leads to the inclusion, demarcation and densification as well as the amalgamation of religious traditions. In an attempt to find new pathways into the world of religious dynamics, this collection of essays focuses on four elements or "commodities" of religious interchange: topologies of religious space, religious symbol systems, religious knowledge, and religious-ethical ways of life.
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Includes index. :
1 online resource. :
9789004255302