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Published 2019
The Religions of India : A Microcosm of World Religions /

: This volume is about the religions of India as well as about world religions given that India is the repository of the world's greatest religions: Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and Judaism. A distinctive feature of this volume is that a scholar who is a specialist in a particular religion describes each of the great religions. Every chapter is an academic study of a particular religion that not only explains the religion but also connects its history to its unique development in India by showing how it got there. Four great religions originated in India: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism. These have been well elucidated in the relevant chapters and their development assessed for causal and dynamic influences. The socio-historical framework illustrates how, though only four of the Indian religions have originated in India, the other religions like Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Judaism, have, over time, been Indianized or taken on Indian cultural characteristics. The volume, an introductory text, is a timely and unique collaboration introducing readers to world religions while simultaneously building an overall picture of how these religions became, over time, 'The Religions of India'.
: 1 online resource (304 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753716

Published 2024
Religion in Society : Social Dimensions of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism in India /

: Through an analysis of archaeological and literary data, this book ex­plores two interrelated themes: the socio-economic and cultic processes that resulted in the decline of Indian Buddhism in its last strongholds - Bihar and Bengal - towards the end of the early medieval period, and the patterns of revival of Buddhism in the neighbouring province of Uttar Pradesh, c. 2005-2011 ce. These themes have been explored by undertaking an analysis of the developments in the social histories of other competing religions: Hinduism, Jainism and Ājīvika-dharma. By placing emphasis on the religious praxis and behaviour of the non-elite segment of population, this book offers some significant 'from below' perspectives on the social histories of Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Ājīvika-dharma in eastern and northern India.
: 1 online resource (228 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753303

Published 2024
Dalits in India : Religion as a Source of Bondage or Liberation with Special Reference to Christians /

: The present work studies the subject of religion as a source of bondage or liberation with special reference to the casteless Christians. It deals with the Dalits in India in general, the history of their problems, and the basic question of their identity. The discussion of their history also includes the role of religion and how far it has acted as an agent of bondage or liberation for the Dalits. The religions which are referred to in this work are Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Lingayatism (Veerasaivism), Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Zoroastrianism and Baha'i religion. This work discusses in detail the role of Hindu religion with special reference to the caste system. Besides Hindu religion, detailed references are made to Christian religion or faith with emphasis on casteless Christians. Christian Dalits are casteless because they belong to a community who in their pre-Dalit state were casteless and classless people. Also Christians are supposed to be casteless, because Christian religion is considered to be above caste or class.
: 1 online resource (208 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753518

Published 2020
The European encounter with Hinduism in India /

: "In The European Encounter with Hinduism Jan Peter Schouten offers an account of European travellers coming into contact with the Hindu religion in India. From the thirteenth century on, both traders and missionaries visited India and encountered the exotic world of Hindus and Hinduism. Their travel reports reveal how Europeans gradually increased their knowledge of Hinduism and how they evaluated this foreign religion. Later on, although officials of the colonial administration also studied the languages and culture of India, it was - contrary to what is usually assumed - particularly the many missionaries who made the greatest contribution to the mapping of Hinduism".
: "Originally published in Dutch as Aangenaam kennis te maken : De ontmoeting van Europeanen met het hindoeïsme in India by Uitgeverij Damon, Eindhoven." : 1 online resource. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004420076

Published 2021
Ex Asia et Syria : Oriental religions in the Roman Central Balkans /

: This title examines the cults of Asia Minor and Syrian origin in the Roman provinces of the Central Balkans. The author analyses all hitherto known epigraphical and archaeological material attesting to the presence of the cults in that region, a subject yet to be the object of serious scholarly study.
: Also issued in print: 2021. : 1 online resource (266 pages) : illustrations (black and white, and colour), maps (black and white, and colour). : Specialized. : Includes bibliographical references. : 9781789699142 (PDF ebook) :

Published 2024
Nirguna Bhakti in Eastern India : Ideology, Identity and Resistance /

: Like in other parts of India, the Bhakti movement also spread into the eastern regions in the early sixteenth century, and had brought a large section of the people under its banner stretching from Koch Behar in the west in North Bengal to the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh in the eastern frontier. The present work is a comprehensive, but a critical history of the growth and development of the mystical movement in this part of India from the early sixteenth to seventeenth century with special reference to the Māyāmarā sect, which claims to be nirguna in its essence, teachings, social ideology, and political influence. While doing this, the book has re-examined the theory that bhakti movement ultimately failed to usher in a democratic outlook and egalitarian aspects as it had originally proposed, and that it had ultimately submitted to the strong and dominant conservative forces. With a detailed and sceptical examination of the ideological and philosophical aspects of Sankaradeva, the founder of Bhakti movement in the eastern part of India, the work proceeds on to examine the historical situation behind the emergence of the radical branch of the movement, and its social and political implications. It shows how within every conservative structure, there remains a radical force which always carries on the forces of reform, resistance, and protest against the dominant ideology, if necessary even by adoption of militant methods. The emergence of the Māyāmarā sect from within the bhakti ideology, its role in the making of the society, and a militant resistant movement against the dominant class form the crux of the present work. While doing this, it has questioned many of the existing ideas and concepts about the movement, particularly, in this part of India.
: 1 online resource (580 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753396

Published 1983
Selected Studies on Ritual in the Indian Religions, Essays to D.J. Hoens.

: 1 online resource. : 9789004378643

Published 2025
Sikh News in India, 1864-1924 : Colonial Reports on Vernacular Newspapers of Punjab Volume One: Royalties, Reformers, and Organizations /

: This handbook, divided into four volumes, presents the first English translations of newspaper articles about the Sikhs published in the weekly press reports for Punjab between 1864 and 1924. Covering press material from over 300 newspapers, the book provides insights into the broader landscape of print media in Indian languages and how discussions on the Sikhs in the press evolved in response to changing imperial policies and politics. In a growing field of research on print cultures and publics in colonial India, the book offers unique source material for a nuanced and localized understanding of the history of the Sikhs in Punjab. Invaluable to both scholars and students of history, Punjabi society, religion and politics. This is volume 1 of a 4-volume set.
: Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004707061

Published 2025
Sikh News in India, 1864-1924 : Colonial Reports on Vernacular Newspapers of Punjab Volume Three: Migration, Representation, and Reform /

: This handbook, divided into four volumes, presents the first English translations of newspaper articles about the Sikhs published in the weekly press reports for Punjab between 1864 and 1924. Covering press material from over 300 newspapers, the book provides insights into the broader landscape of print media in Indian languages and how discussions on the Sikhs in the press evolved in response to changing imperial policies and politics. In a growing field of research on print cultures and publics in colonial India, the book offers unique source material for a nuanced and localized understanding of the history of the Sikhs in Punjab. Invaluable to both scholars and students of history, Punjabi society, religion and politics. This is volume 3 of a 4-volume set.
: Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004707108

Published 2025
Sikh News in India, 1864-1924 : Colonial Reports on Vernacular Newspapers of Punjab Volume Four: Politics of Repression and Reconciliation /

: This handbook, divided into four volumes, presents the first English translations of newspaper articles about the Sikhs published in the weekly press reports for Punjab between 1864 and 1924. Covering press material from over 300 newspapers, the book provides insights into the broader landscape of print media in Indian languages and how discussions on the Sikhs in the press evolved in response to changing imperial policies and politics. In a growing field of research on print cultures and publics in colonial India, the book offers unique source material for a nuanced and localized understanding of the history of the Sikhs in Punjab. Invaluable to both scholars and students of history, Punjabi society, religion and politics. This is volume 4 of a 4-volume set.
: Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004707122

Published 2025
Sikh News in India, 1864-1924 : Colonial Reports on Vernacular Newspapers of Punjab Volume Two: Religious Places, Practices, and Relations /

: This handbook, divided into four volumes, presents the first English translations of newspaper articles about the Sikhs published in the weekly press reports for Punjab between 1864 and 1924. Covering press material from over 300 newspapers, the book provides insights into the broader landscape of print media in Indian languages and how discussions on the Sikhs in the press evolved in response to changing imperial policies and politics. In a growing field of research on print cultures and publics in colonial India, the book offers unique source material for a nuanced and localized understanding of the history of the Sikhs in Punjab. Invaluable to both scholars and students of history, Punjabi society, religion and politics. This is volume 2 of a 4-volume set.
: Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004707085

Published 2024
Minorities and Religious Freedom in a Democracy /

: This book has four parts. Part one explains the place of minorities in a democracy, examines the process of their formation at the global as well as national levels and looks at the response received by them at these forums. Parts two and three deal with basic rights of minorities enshrined in Articles 25 and 30 of the Indian Constitution, the detailed history of these articles, the debates in the Constituent Assembly and other related documents. This book also deals with Christians as a minority and controverts the myth that they are the most forward community. It details the general constitutional rights as well as special rights of the minorities in India and focuses attention on the relationship between human rights and minority rights and the role of National Commission for Minorities in protecting the human rights of minorities. The appendices contain important international and national documents relating to human and constitutional rights of the minorities. An essential reading for sociologists, political scientists, human rights activists and all others interested in the issues involved and the future of Indian polity.
: 1 online resource (248 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753501

Published 2015
Religion and conflict attribution : an empirical study of the religious meaning system of Christian, Muslim and Hindu students in Tamil Nadu, India /

: Religion can play a dual role with regard to conflict. It can promote either violence or peace. Religion and Conflict Attribution seeks to clarify the causes of religious conflict as perceived by Christian, Muslim and Hindu college students in Tamil Nadu, India. These students in varying degrees attribute conflict to force-driven causes, namely to coercive power as a means of achieving the economic, political or socio-cultural goals of religious groups. The study reveals how force-driven religious conflict is influenced by prescriptive beliefs like religious practice and mystical experience, and descriptive beliefs such as the interpretation of religious plurality and religiocentrism. It also elaborates on the practical consequences of the salient findings for the educational process.
: 1 online resource (xii, 287 pages) : illustrations, color map. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004270862 : 2213-9729 ; : Available to subscribing member institutions only.

Published 2024
An Essay on the Origin of the South Indian Temple /

: Dravidian art is one of the visible features which defines the South Indian form of architecture. Initially, Gramadevata was the South Indian village deity that was revered, as temples were not prevalent during the ancient times, particularly during the pre-Sangam and Sangam periods. Similarly, gravesites and stone rings were also seen as sites of worship. However, in the later period, the proto-Dravidian architectural style was developed under the Todas. With the emergence of dynasties in the early medieval period, such as Cholas, Pallavas, Cheras, Pandyas, and other ancient South Indian kingdoms, temple architecture began to develop rapidly. The author marks some of the prime features of the South Indian temple architecture, such as the origins and different forms of vimana. This book also covers the intersection between Buddhism and Hinduism, and how Buddhist architecture gave rise to the South Indian temple architecture.
: 1 online resource (124 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753273

Published 2023
Under the Adorned Dome, Four Essays on the Arts of Iran and India : Ehsan Yarshater Lecture Series /

: These essays are the revised and updated version of four lectures given in the Yarshater Lecture Series, at SOAS in London in 2013. They concern some aspects of the arts from pre-modern Iran and India, namely, the "making of" of Persian illustrated manuscripts, the iconography of Kashan wares, the use and re-use of luster tiles in Ilkhanid Iran, and the glazed tiles made in three Indian sultanates (Delhi, Bengal and Malwa). These four topics share concepts of influence and impact, although inflected on different modes. The productions they embody represent many poles of influence, even if working on different scales, from the extensive diffusion of products, techniques, and systems to almost isolated productions.
: 1 online resource (270 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004549722

Published 2010
The Nuṣayrī-ʻAlawīs : an introduction to the religion, history, and identity of the leading minority in Syria /

: Friedman offers new and updated research on the Nusayrī-'Alawī sect, today a leading group in Syria, covering a variety of aspects and focusing on the Middle Ages. A century after Dussaud's Histoire et religion des Nosairîs (1900), he reviews the history and religion of the sect in the light of old documents used by orientalists in the nineteenth century, documents that became available in the twentieth century, and later sources of the Nuṣayrī-'Alawī sect published most recently in Lebanon. Also studied in depth for the first time is the question of the identity of the sect through the 'Alawī-Sunnī-Shī'ī triangle.
: 1 online resource. : Includes bibliographical references (p. [311]-315) and index. : 9789047441274 : 0929-2403 ; : Available to subscribing member institutions only.

Published 1999
The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos : a study of religious interaction in Roman Syria /

: This volume deals with the religion of Palmyrenes in Dura-Europos during the first three centuries of the Common Era, and focuses upon the religious interaction between this migrant community and their new residence. By studying the religious interaction of distinct groups on a local level, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the process of religious development and change in Syria during the Roman period. Information on the Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos consists primarily of archaeological remains that have been found there. The Palmyrene materials from Dura-Europos have never been published collectively, and for this reason they are enumerated and re-evaluated in the appendix. The book is richly illustrated with 20 figures and 22 plates.
: 1 online resource (xxiv, 358 pages, [18] leaves of plates) : illustrations, maps. : Includes bibliographical references (p. 335-348) and index. : 9789004295926 : 0927-7633 ; : Available to subscribing member institutions only.

Published 2014
The Aramaeans in ancient Syria /

: The historical and cultural role of the Aramaeans in ancient Syria can hardly be overestimated. Thus The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria gives precise and up-to-date information on different aspects of Aramaean culture. To that end, history, society, economy and law, language and script, literature, religion, art and architecture of the Aramaean kingdoms of Syria from their beginnings in the 11 century B.C. until their end at approximately 720 B.C. are covered within the handbook. The wide survey of Aramaean culture in Syria is supplemented by overviews on the Aramaeans in Assyria, Babylonia, Phoenicia, Palestine, Egypt, North Arabia and on the Aramaean heritage in the Levant.
: 1 online resource. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004229433 : 0169-9423 ;

Published 2023
Jews and India : Mutual Influences over Two Millennia /

: The entire set of sixteen essays in Jews and India explore a particular interaction and mutual influence between Jews and India over the past two millennia. Collectively, we discover a pattern of uniquely symmet­rical relations between Jews and their host culture. Unlike in the Christian and Islamic countries, Jews were always honored and treated in India like respected guests. We all come to know ourselves through our reflections in the eyes of others, and rather than hostility and a condescending attitude, in India, Jews always enjoyed respect, hospitality, and affection. These chapters seek to answer the theoretical question as to what Jews and Judaism looked like when viewed with a 'good eye'. Conversely, we also learn how the world sees Jews who have always enjoyed respect and were made welcome. The first section of the book analyzes Jewish communities in Kochi, especially, but also the Bene Israelis and Baghdadis. Following is a section of stories about individual Jewish lives in India - mystics, mer­chants, and soldiers. The book concludes with a section about inter-religious dialogues between Jews and Indic faiths like Hindus, Bud­dhists and Jains. Based on two thousand years of cohabitation, these old/new friendships reveal old surprises and new insights.
: 1 online resource (416 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004753709

Published 2023
Do All Roads Lead to Jerusalem? : The Making of Indian Religion /

: Do All Roads Lead to Jerusalem? traces the history of western encounters with other cultures on two occasions - the 'pagans' of Greece and Rome and the 'heathens' in India. The West has produced many descriptions of other cultures. A close examination of these descriptions reveals that they tell us more about western culture than about the cultures the West has attempted to describe. This overarching theme is developed by examining one element in western culture, viz. religion. This book argues that religion is not a cultural universal and the belief that all cultures have religion is an assumption on the part of all scholars of religion. The reason for this is that western culture has been shaped by religion so that members of this culture are conceptually compelled to describe other cultures from within the framework of religion. From Biblical scholarship to the Enlightenment, from the Reformation to the Romantics, from believers to atheists, the cognitive scheme is the same - one that has been set in place by the experiential framework of Christianity. Is it any wonder that members of such a culture saw religion wherever they went? By means of methodical arguments and lucid explanations this book demonstrates that religion is not a cultural universal and explains why it is believed to be so. Scholars in the field of religious and cultural studies will find this work illuminating, original, and deeply compelling.
: 1 online resource (308 pages) : illustrations. : Includes bibliographical references and index. : 9789004751590