The Necessity of Christ's Satisfaction : A Study of the Reformed Scholastic Theologians William Twisse (1578-1646) and John Owen (1616-1683) /
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Could God have saved fallen humanity in some other way than by Christ's satisfaction? This study explores this hotly contested question among the seventeenth-century Reformed orthodox discussions by an analysis of the representative Reformed theologians, William Twisse and John Owen.
The seventeenth century Reformed Orthodox discussions of the work of Christ and its various doctrinal constitutive elements were rich and multifaceted, ranging across biblical and exegetical, historical, philosophical, and theological fields of inquiry. Among the most contested questions in these discussions was the question of the necessity of Christ's satisfaction. This study sets that "great controverted point," as Richard Baxter called it, in its historical and traditionary contexts and provides a philosophical and theological analysis of the arguments offered by two representative Reformed scholastic theologians, William Twisse and John Owen.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004520868
9789004520851
Christ, creation, and the vision of God : Augustine's transformation of early Christian theophany interpretation /
: Based on the author's thesis--University of Notre Dame. : 1 online resource. : Includes bibliographical references (p. [205]-212) and index. : 9789004191419 : Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Words, imagery, and the mystery of Christ : a reconstruction of Cyril of Alexandria's christology /
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This volume deals with the christology of fifth-century pastor and theologian Cyril of Alexandria, particularly as it relates to Apollinarianism and Nestorianism. More specifically, it explores the use of a plethora of images to illustrate his understanding of the mystery of Christ. The book traces the background of his analogies in the philosophers and the Scriptures. Included are sections on Cyril's understanding and use of the Scriptures, and the intended force of images in his theology. The final part is a re-reading of his christology through the lens of his christological imagery. Historians of Christian theology and dogma will find a unique look into the word pictures Cyril uses and the picture of Christ the reveal.
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Based on the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Aberdeen, 1998. :
1 online resource (viii, 242 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-239) and index. :
9789004313217 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ : deification of Jesus in early Christian discourse /
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There is now a substantial scholarly consensus for the emergence of a high or divine Christology very early and from a Jewish context, but the questions of \'how\' and \'why\' need further study. Within the framework of traditional Jewish monotheism, Paul and other early Christians used the language of deity to describe Jesus. To investigate their view of Jesus, the author examines Paul's discourse in 2 Cor 3:16-4:6, employing insights from rhetorical criticism and Oneness Pentecostal Christology. He explains how early Christians proclaimed the deity of Jesus within their monotheistic Jewish context. He then identifies socio-rhetorical reasons for and practical consequences of the monotheistic deification of Jesus.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (pages 226-248) and indexes. :
9789004397217 :
0966-7393 ;
Irenaeus on creation : the cosmic Christ and the saga of redemption /
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Scholarship on Irenaeus has long acknowledged the centrality of creation to his theology, yet without fitting this theme securely into the Christological vision of Christ the 'Recapitulator'. Studies have considered elements of Irenaeus' cosmology and anthropology in extraction; but without seeing creation as an intrinsic part of his Christocentric vision, these have only partially been able to capture the intricacy and significance of his embrace of the creation saga. Drawing on the most recent Irenaean scholarship, the present volume explores in detail the Christocentric cosmology of one of the second century's greatest writers, setting him in the context of the theological currents of his day. The result is a volume that offers new insights into the trinitarian articulation of early Christianity, the full significance of humanity as bearing God's 'image', and a fuller reading of the details behind the title, 'Irenaeus the creationist'.
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1 online resource (xii, 244 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-237) and index. :
9789047433439 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
St. Cyril of Alexandria : the christological controversy : its history, theology, and texts /
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St. Cyril of Alexandria: The Christological Controversy describes the turmoil of 5th century Christianity seeking to articulate its beliefs on the person of Christ. The policies of the Theodosian dynasty and the conflicting interests of the patriarchal sees are set as the context of the controversy between Nestorius of Constantinople and Cyril of Alexandria, a bitter dispute that racked the entire oecumene. The historical analysis expounds the arguments of both sides, particularly the Christology of Cyril which was adopted as a standard. Many major texts are presented in new translations, some of which have never before appeared in English. These writings are essential reading in the history of doctrine. The work will be an indispensable resource for all students of the period: theologians and Byzantinists.
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Includes translations of some of Cyril's writings. :
1 online resource (xiii, 425 pages) : illustrations, maps. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 406-418) and indexes. :
9789004312906 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Angelomorphic christology : antecedents and early evidence /
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This study demonstrates that angel and angel-related traditions, especially those growing from the so-called "Angel of the Lord" in the Hebrew Bible, had a significant impact on the origins and early development of Christology to the point that an Angelomorphic Christology is discernable in several first century texts. Significant effort is given to tracing the antecedents of this Christology in the angels and divine hypostases of the Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Jewish literature. The primary content of this volume is the presentation of pre-150 CE textual evidence of Angelomorphic Christology. This religio-historical study does not spawn a new Christology among the many scholarly "Christologies" already extant. Instead, it shows the interrelationship of various Christological trajectories and their adaptation from Jewish angelomorphic traditions.
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1 online resource (xvi, 403 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 352-370) and indexes. :
9789004332447 :
0169-734X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The development of the term [enypostatos] from Origen to John of Damascus /
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Examining the usage of the term ἐνυπόστατος both in the trinitarian debates before Chalcedon and especially the Christological ones afterwards, this study illustrates the gradual, yet profound change in its meaning initiated by Leontius of Byzantium: In distinguishing between the hypostasis and the ἐνυπόστατον Leontius initiates a crucial shift in that an ἐνυπόστατον is no longer straightforwardly considered as a proper, independent hypostasis of its own, but as something realized in a hypostasis which is by no means necessarily endowed with a hypostasis of its own. This technical discussion of the term is accompanied by an attempt at classifying the entirety of the different usages it keeps on displaying despite its Christian theological origin and its outstanding importance during the post-chalcedonian Christological debates.
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On t.p. "enypostatos" appears in the Greek alphabet.
Revision of the author's thesis (MA)--Durham University, 2004. :
1 online resource (vii, 210 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-200) and indexes. :
9789004227996 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Die Darstellung "der zwölfjährige Jesus unter den Schriftgelehrten" im Wandel der Zeiten /
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Es wurde nachgewiesen, das theologische Schriften, die in der Zeit der Entstehung der besprochenen Werke entstanden sind, die Ikonographie beeinflusst haben. Ein ähnlicher Einfluss hat auch in den historischen Geschehnissen der entsprechenden Zeit Spuren hinterlassen. Die christlich-jüdische Disputation, die Verfolgung des Talmuds, der Puritanismus, das Tridentinum, die Überlegungen über das Verhältnis zwischen Jesus und seiner Kirche, die wachsende Bedeutung der Teilnahme an der Sonntagsmesse und andere historische und geistesgeschichtliche Phänomene wurden aufgezeigt, die für die Darstellung von Bedeutung sind. Sogar für kleine Details, wie z.B. das Anlehnen von Jesus an einer Säule, wurden für diese Art der Darstellung Beweise gefunden. It has been proved that theological essays written in the time of the creation of those images influenced the iconography. The same influence has been traced in historic events of the relevant time. The Christian/Jewish disputations, the persecution of the Talmud, the Puritanism, the Tridentinum, the reflection on the relationship between Jesus and his church, the increasing importance of the attendance of the Sunday mass and many other historical and spiritual sources have been shown as relevant for the concepts of these works of art. Even for small details, as for instance the leaning Jesus at a column, a historic-theological source could be detected.
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Based on the author's thesis--Universität Wien, 2007, presented under the title: Der zwölfjährige Jesus unter den Schriftgelehrten. :
1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [156]-163) and index. :
9789004188464 :
0928-0731 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Origen : philosophy of history and eschatology /
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A common accusation made against Origen is that he dissolves history into intellectual abstraction and that his eschatology (if this is recognized at all) is notoriously obscure. In this new work, the author draws on an impressive range of bibliography to consider Origen's Philosophy of History and Eschatology in the widest context of facts, documents and streams of thought, including Classical and Late Antiquity Greek Philosophy, Gnosticism, Hebraism and Patristic Thought, both before Origen and well after his death. Against claims that he causes history to evaporate into barren idealism, his thought is shown to be firmly grounded on his particular vision of historical occurences. Confronting assertions that Origen has no eschatological ideas, his eschatology is shown rather to have made a distinctive mark throughout his works, both explicitly and tacitly. In Origen's view, history was the foundation of scriptural interpretation, a teleological process determined by factors and functions such as providence - prophecy - promise - expectation - realization - anticipation - faith - anticipation - hope - awaiting for - fulfilment - end . Since 1986, the author has argued for the unpopular thesis that Origen is, in many respects, an anti-Platonist. Nevertheless, the author casts light upon the Aristotelian rationale of Origen's doctrine of apokatastasis , arguing that its validity is bolstered by ontological rather than historical premises. The extent of Origen's influence upon what is currently regarded as 'orthodoxy' turns out to be far wider and more profound than has hitherto been acknowledged.
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1 online resource (xvii, 498 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 439-460) and indexes. :
9789047428695 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The point of it all : essays on Jesus Christ /
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The atheism of modern thought is based on irrational assumptions...First-century Jews expected a suffering Messiah...Jesus knew it was he...Jesus' birth and resurrection in history . The point of the parables...The point of Christology...The historical grounds for scepticism about Christian claims concerning Jesus Christ rely on misreadings of the Bible. In a series of original essays, the author issues a formidable challenge to many of the presuppositions of modern theology.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [151]-163). :
9789004397347 :
1566-2098 ;
The Catholic doctrine of non-Christian religions : according to the Second Vatican Council /
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In the Second Vatican Council (1962-65) the Catholic Church for the first time recognized non-Christian religions as entities which the Church should respect and with which Christians should enter into dialogue. There are, however, conflicting views in Catholic interpretations of Conciliar theology: to what extent did the Council see other religions as means to salvation? The author offers The Catholic Doctrine of non-Christian Religions according to the Second Vatican Council as the first comprehensive and analytic piece of research on Conciliar teaching concerning the nature of other faiths. His study is based on the original Latin and covers Conciliar and pre-conciliar documents, with special focus on the Declaration on the relation of the Church to Non-Christian religions, (Nostra aetate). In his detailed and careful analysis Ruokanen demonstrates that Vaticanum Secundum understood non-Christian religions as naturally good entities, part of human culture. Religions express in many ways and to varying degrees the natural cognition of God and of natural moral law. Except for Judaism, they do not, however, possess the status of being considered channels of divine revelation or salvific grace. The seeds of truth present in other faiths must be purified and perfected by the fullness of grace and truth given in Christ and entrusted to the Church.
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1 online resource (169 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-165) and index. :
9789004319882 :
0924-9389 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Problem and promise in Colin E. Gunton's doctrine of creation /
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While much dialogue has focused on aspects of Colin Gunton's Trinitarian theology, there has been a need for a full-scale study of Gunton's doctrine of creation that locates the significance of his understanding of creation within the wider spectrum of his theology. Problem and Promise demonstrates how Gunton's doctrine of creation cannot be read in abstraction from his Trinitarian theology and argues that creation remains a central feature in Gunton's writing that holds lasting importance for understanding ethical and moral aspects of Gunton's theology. William B. Whitney establishes how this Trinitarian account of creation goes beyond offering a theological description of the created realm and also provides the basis for understanding human involvement in creation through the enterprises of culture.
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1 online resource (viii, 213 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004254626 :
1571-4799 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
La Cité du Logos: L'ecclésiologie de Clément d'Alexandrie et son enracinement christologique /
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Clément d'Alexandrie (150-215 Ap. J.-C.) est l'un des penseurs les plus brillants des premiers siècles chrétiens. Son enseignement, tout autant pétri de la Bible que de la pensée grecque, nous révèle la nature des débats aux premières heures de l'expansion du christianisme. Ce livre aborde un sujet peu étudié à ce jour, à savoir sa pensée sur l'Église. C'est pourtant un sujet récurent de ses ouvrages, où il réfléchit longuement sur l'Église à partir de l'être et la mission du Logos divin. L'analyse du discours de Clément sur l'Église permet donc de revisiter les intuitions principales de sa christologie tout en apportant un éclairage sur sa perception de l'identité chrétienne à une époque où celle-ci est encore en construction. Clement of Alexandria (AD 150-215) is one of the most brilliant thinkers of the early Christian centuries. His teaching, steeped as much in the Bible as in Greek thought, reveals to us the nature of the debates in the early days of the expansion of Christianity. This book deals with a subject little studied to this day, namely his thoughts on the Church. Yet it is a recurring subject in his works, where he reflects at length on the Church from the point of view of the being and the mission of the divine Logos. Analysis of Clement's discourse on the Church therefore makes it possible to revisit the main intuitions of his Christology while shedding light on his perception of Christian identity at a time when it is still under construction.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004505346
9789004505353
The constancy and development in the Christology of Theodoret of Cyrrhus /
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In The Constancy and Development of the Christology of Theodoret of Cyrrhus Vasilije Vranic offers an assessment of the involvement of Theodoret of Cyrrhus in the Nestorian and Miaphysite controversies of the fifth century. Theodoret's Christological language and concepts are examined in their historical contexts. The study is based on the comparison between the early period of Theodoret's Christological output ( Expositio rectae fidei and Refutation of the Twelve Anathemas ) and his mature period ( Eranistes ). Theodoret's Christology is ultimately vindicated and his position as a credible theologian who anticipated the definition of the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451) is assured, while proposing that challenges to the consistency of his Christology ought to be reconsidered.
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1 online resource (xiii, 245 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-239) and index. :
9789004290808 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The Chinese Christology of T.C. Chao /
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This volume offers a careful analysis of the contextual Christology of T. C. Chao, one of the most important Chinese theologians and Chinese church leaders in the first half of twentieth century. At the core of Chao's Christology is the encounter between Christianity and the Chinese people, in particular the Chinese Christians. In response to the rapid social changes in China between 1910-1950, he attempted to develop a relevant theology by focusing on the characteristics of Christianity and, at the same time, aiming to understand Christianity within its Chinese context.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004322417 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Changing Christian Paradigms and their Implications for Modern Thought /
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Though the Bible and creeds have provided a compass for Christianity from earliest times, the frameworks of thought within which they have been understood have constantly changed, the contribution of Augustine to these changes being fundamental. This book traces, first, these changes chronologically and shows how they have led to the separation of religion and science, faith and reason, supernatural and natural, and so to current materialism: but also to radical alterations to our understanding of God and his relationship to the world. The second part shows in more detail how these changes have altered the significance of major features of Christian faith and led to serious incoherences. And the third part shows, not only how pre-Augustinian and Biblical understandings cohere closely with modern science, but that they have radical implications for our understanding of man, his place in nature and survival of death, for Jesus Christ and for the role of the Churches.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [335]-339) and index. :
9789004378803 :
0169-8834 ;
The dyophysite christology of Cyril of Alexandria /
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The formula 'one incarnate nature of the Word of God' has often been depicted as a summary of Cyril of Alexandria's (ca 378-444) christology. But no systematic study into his christological works has been published. Besides, there is no consensus regarding the meaning of the key terms and expressions in these works. This book addresses this deficiency by an integral investigation of the archbishop's christological writings during the first two years of the Nestorian controversy, and comes to the conclusion that his christology is basically dyophysite. This re-appraisal of his christology bears on the understanding of the Council of Chalcedon and on contemporary ecumenical relations, especially those between the Eastern Orthodox and the Oriental Orthodox.
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1 online resource (xvi, 626 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 582-603) and indexes. :
9789047426691 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Die Eucharistie ist Jesus : Anfänge einer Theorie des Sakraments im koptischen Philippusevangelium (NHC II 3) /
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Given the concept of salvation through knowledge in Valentinian Gnosis, which is basically anti-materialist, one would not expect concrete physical rituals to play a large role in its practice. The Nag Hammadi Gospel of Philip is widely recognized as a Valentinian text, yet it contains portions of a treatise on the value of baptism, anointing, and the eucharist. The text, which arguably comes from the end of the second century, presents the first developed theory and justification of these sacraments in Early Christianity. The present study reconstructs this theory from the fragmentary text and considers its consequences for the organization of the community. Thus, the book is also an attempt to address the problem of institutionalization in early Christian communities.
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Slightly Revision of the author's thesis--Universität München, 2005. :
1 online resource (xii, 550 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 505-531) and indexes. :
9789047421634 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The development of Christology during the first hundred years, and other essays on early Christian Christolog y
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Entering the debate about the development of Christology among Jesus' earliest followers, this volume critiques both the traditional evolutionary view that posited an elementary early Jewish Christology that developed in complexity as it was increasingly Hellenized and the more recent attempt to see a full-orbed Christology both as early and as Jewish, not Hellenistic, in its categories. It contends that during the first 100 years Jesus' followers employed four models from their milieu, Jewish and Greco-Roman, both to understand and to communicate their Christologies. These models were appropriated because they were appropriate vehicles for expressing the impact of Jesus on them, past, present, and future.
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Part One comprises previously unpublished material; Part Two is a collection of previously published essays. :
1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and indexes. :
9789004203501 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.