Conditions and Conditionals : An Investigation of Ancient Greek /
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When Protagoras remarks "if you like, let us assume that justice is holy and holiness just", Socrates replies "No, I do not want this 'if you like' or 'if you agree' sort of thing to be put to the proof (-); our statement will be most properly tested if we take away the 'if'" (Plato Protagoras 331c3-d1). This passage may be considered one of the oldest passages reflecting on the pragmatic functions of 'if', and the importance of 'if' in human reasoning. This book develops a linguistic framework to analyse conditionals, for which the apparatus of Functional Grammar provides a basis. Within this framework a detailed analysis is given of conditionals in Ancient Greek, in which syntactic, semantic as well as pragmatic factors are used to explain the multifarious uses of the important but elusive conjunction ei.
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1 online resource. :
9789004408982
9789050631969
Sociality as the Human Condition Anthropology in Economic, Philosophical and Theological Perspective.
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In addition to being contemplated in the classical disciplines of anthropology, human sociality has been subjected to scientific examination in the natural and social sciences. This book offers a substantial discussion of empirical research programs within current economics (experimental and neuroeconomics), with special regard to the themes of reciprocity and altruism. These themes are discussed from a philosophical perspective informed by phenomenology and hermeneutics, and linked to theories of conflict, recognition and alterity in social philosophy, which are used to show the limitations of the purely science-based naturalistic approaches in economics. Finally, the book introduces the concept of the neighbor in Christian theology and shows how this figure brings a new perspective to the examination of human sociality.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004207486 :
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Slavery and servitude in Late Period Egypt, c. 900-330 BC
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This historical study sets out to define the nature and extent of slavery in Late Period Egypt, i.e. from the end of the Third Intermediate Period (664 BC) to the beginning of the Ptolemaic Period (330 BC). To that end, the work revolves around four broad aims: (1) delineating the scope of usage of terminology used in Egyptian and Aramaic documentation to refer to enslaved persons; (2) contextualizing enslavement within Late Period labour and sale practices; (3) exploring the lived experience of enslaved persons, including the social alienation of enslavement; and (4) discussing the connections between enslavement and other social systems of patronage and protection in Late Period Egypt, including familial relationships. Achieving the first goal is a matter of examining the Egyptian and Aramaic terms which appear with reference to enslavement and servitude within the context of the documents in which they appear, and the implications of that context. This focus on the semantics of subordinate labour also leads to a discussion on whether the English term 'slave' or 'enslaved person' is taxonomically appropriate for the subordinate labour relationships of Late Period Egypt, which necessarily requires an examination of secondary literature regarding the definition of slavery. Contextualizing enslavement within Late Period labour and sale practices requires an understanding of pricing of both commodities and labour, to provide a basis for determining comparative pricing of labour. Lastly, this monograph discusses the connections between enslavement and other social systems of patronage and protection in Late Period Egypt through an analysis of the obligations a subordinate had to his superior, as well as the reverse, that is, the obligations a superior had to his subordinate, whether or not the superior actually performed these obligations. The latter is investigated specifically with regard to protection: from debt, starvation, or abuse. - The chief takeaways from this study are split into four: first, that a practice which can be described as slavery in modern legal taxonomy took place in Late Period Egypt; second, that this practice took the form of small-scale, personal transactions which often overlapped with familial obligations and other systems of patronage and protection; third, that the value of enslaved persons lay in their dual purpose as labourers and economic tools; and finally, that the majority of enslaved persons in Egypt originated from Egypt, in contrast with earlier and later periods.