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Conservation and Documentation of the Tomb Chapel of Menna (TT 69)
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The Tomb of Menna, Theban Tomb number 69, is located in the Theban necropolis of Sheikh Abd el-Qurna in Luxor, Upper Egypt. The rock-cut tomb is famous for the completeness and superb quality of the paintings that adorn its walls. Structurally, the tomb chapel takes the form of an inverted T, with a forecourt, broad hall, and inner hall leading to a statue shrine. The painted decoration is organized symbolically along a central axis that reflected the deceased’s transition from the land of the living in the east to the land of the dead in the west. As such, the walls in the broad hall are concerned primarily with the official duties and celebrations of Menna’s life, while the walls in the long hall depict scenes of his transition to and life in the hereafter.
Menna was an elite official recognized and honored by King Amenhotep III with the Gold of Honor collar, a collar of golden disc-shaped beads, which he wears in most scenes. Menna’s official titles reveal that he was a Scribe, and Overseer of the Fields of the Lord of Two Lands and the Temple of Amun. These titles indicate that Menna administered both state and temple fields, which was an unusual occurrence in the 18th Dynasty. The Broad Hall Near Left wall, abbreviated as BHNL, is also known as the “Agricultural Wall,” and depicts some of Menna’s official responsibilities. Menna’s wife, Henuttawy, appears alongside him on most of the tomb’s walls and bore the titles of “Chantress of Amun” and “Mistress of the House.” Also notable is the intentional damage inflicted on Menna’s likeness in an act of damnatio memoriae, and later destruction to the name of Amun by the agents of Akhenaten.
The project, directed by Dr. Melinda Hartwig, set an unprecedented standard for the conservation and non-invasive documentation of ancient Egyptian tombs. Dr. Hartwig led an interdisciplinary team of experts that undertook the conservation, archaeometric examination, and digital recording of the tomb. The project resulted in an invaluable collection of high-resolution, digital images that were stitched together to create an exact copy of the tomb walls, which were then traced as vector drawings to create line drawings of the decoration. The collection also includes reports, slides, and digital images shot with raking light and ultraviolet light.
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The conservation of the Tomb of Menna was made possible with funding by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Agreement No. 263-A-00-04-00018-00 and administered by the Egyptian Antiquities Conservation Project (EAC) Agreement No. EAC-11-2007 of the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE). The Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program provided additional financial support.
Second Report on the Publication and Conservation of the Tomb of Ramesses III in the Valley of the Kings (KV 11) /
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The Ramesses III (KV 11) Publication and Conservation Project is currently developing a site management, conservation and publication strategy for the severely damaged tomb of pharaoh Ramesses III in order to prevent further deterioration and to preserve this cultural heritage site for future generations. Along with first urgent measures of conservation, a geo-archaeological survey of KV 11 and its surroundings, as well as a geomatic and photogrammetric survey of the tomb itself, were carried out. The detailed recording of the current state of the architecture and wall decoration allowed for further reconstruction of scenes and texts. Moreover, an archaeological sondage in the burial chamber revealed additional information about the ooding and sedimentation processes. A field school with students of Luxor University offered training in digital recording methods and epigraphy, geo-archaeological survey and mapping methodologies, and conservation treatment and assessment. The following article outlines preliminary results in the fields of geology, conservation, recording, reconstruction, and excavation. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jarce.56.2020.a014
Volubilis après Rome : les fouilles UCL/INSAP, 2000-2005 /
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Le site archéologique le plus visité au Maroc, Volubilis est connu depuis longtemps pour ses mosaïques spectaculaires. Ce livre traite de ce qui est arrivé à la ville après le retrait de l'administration romaine à la fin du troisième siècle. Les fouilles publiées ici montrent comment la ville a continué à survivre jusqu'au cinquième siècle, avec des maisons d'élite commandant encore des mosaïques élégantes, et comment cette occupation a pris fin dans un séisme brutal. La ville renaît au sixième siècle avec de nouveaux occupants, la tribu berbère des Awraba. Au VIIIe siècle, il devint le siège de l'homme qui unit la plus grande partie du Maroc à la tête de l'Awraba, Idris I, descendant du prophète Mahomet. The most-visited archaeological site in Morocco, Volubilis has long been known for its spectacular mosaics. Instead, this book deals with what happened to the town after the Roman administration was withdrawn at the end of the third century. The excavations published here show how the town continued to survive into the fifth century, with élite houses still commissioning elegant and witty mosaics, and how this occupation came to an end in a brutal earthquake. The town revived in the sixth century with new occupants, the Berber Awraba tribe. In the eighth century, it became the headquarters of the man who united most of Morocco at the head of the Awraba, Idris I, a descendant of the prophet Mohammed. Contributeurs/Contributors: Ali Aït Kaci, Victoria Amoros-Ruiz, Mustafa Atki, Amira K. Bennison, Helen Dawson, Fatima-Zohra El-Harrif, Hafsa El Hassani, Abdallah Fili, Dorian Fuller, Guy Hunt, Anthony King, Tarik Moujoud, Gaetano Palumbo, Ruth Pelling, Susan Walker, Mark Wilson Jones.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004371583
The adventure of the illustrious scholar : papers presented to Oscar White Muscarella /
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The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella , edited by Elizabeth Simpson, is a Festschrift celebrating the career of one of the foremost archaeologists of the ancient Near East. Oscar Muscarella is a former curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a formidable scholar who has excavated at sites in Turkey, Iran, and the United States. He has published eight books and nearly 200 articles, excavation reports, and reviews on topics ranging from the arts of antiquity and the importance of connoisseurship, to the difficulties of dating and the problems of forgeries, the looting of ancient sites, and the antiquities trade. The forty-seven contributors are experts in the areas of Muscarella's interests and are major scholars in their fields. This volume constitutes an unusual, important, and timely addition to the archaeological and art historical literature.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004361713 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Sovereignty through Interdependence /
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Is it true that the forces of technology and interdependence have undermined the sovereignty of modern states? This book argues powerfully that the opposite is true: that over the past quarter century the major industrial states - the US, Britain, France, Germany and Japan - have mostly used these forces, often in novel ways, to pursue national purposes. The nation-state framework has, over that period, remained the basis of legitimate political authority and law. There has been a huge increase in the scope, incidence and detail of state regulation to manage, among other things, both the domestic economy and the effects of transnational flows. International management almost invariably depends upon state consent. The power of the state has never, anywhere, been absolute and its methods of management have always been changeable. But there is no evidence that its managerial effectiveness has, overall, been less in 1995 than in 1975 or 1965. This book therefore takes strong issue with much of the literature on interdependence and international organisation which has appeared in recent times. It is especially useful for those trying to understand the larger framework within which business must operate or the sources of authority for anyone's plan to manage problems of financial or population flows, of transnational conservation problems or of trade. The book will also be of particular use in graduate and senior undergraduate courses in international relations or organisation.
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1 online resource (368 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004640344
Nirguna Bhakti in Eastern India : Ideology, Identity and Resistance /
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Like in other parts of India, the Bhakti movement also spread into the eastern regions in the early sixteenth century, and had brought a large section of the people under its banner stretching from Koch Behar in the west in North Bengal to the foothills of Arunachal Pradesh in the eastern frontier. The present work is a comprehensive, but a critical history of the growth and development of the mystical movement in this part of India from the early sixteenth to seventeenth century with special reference to the Māyāmarā sect, which claims to be nirguna in its essence, teachings, social ideology, and political influence. While doing this, the book has re-examined the theory that bhakti movement ultimately failed to usher in a democratic outlook and egalitarian aspects as it had originally proposed, and that it had ultimately submitted to the strong and dominant conservative forces. With a detailed and sceptical examination of the ideological and philosophical aspects of Sankaradeva, the founder of Bhakti movement in the eastern part of India, the work proceeds on to examine the historical situation behind the emergence of the radical branch of the movement, and its social and political implications. It shows how within every conservative structure, there remains a radical force which always carries on the forces of reform, resistance, and protest against the dominant ideology, if necessary even by adoption of militant methods. The emergence of the Māyāmarā sect from within the bhakti ideology, its role in the making of the society, and a militant resistant movement against the dominant class form the crux of the present work. While doing this, it has questioned many of the existing ideas and concepts about the movement, particularly, in this part of India.
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1 online resource (580 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004753396
Ancient Egyptian coffins : past, present, future /
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"This collection of papers by leading international experts on the subject of ancient Egyptian coffins, builds on a project based at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, to study and record in detail its collection. Papers address a series of topics including: the development of coffins in antiquity, including iconographic and text-based studies, providing new insights into ancient Egyptian belief systems at different periods and regional differences in coffin presentation; the post-antiquity history of coffins, including their acquisition and subsequent treatment in museums around the world; developments in technical examination and methods of studying coffins, especially the use of multispectral imaging to provide non-invasive analysis of materials, and what this tells us about construction and decorative techniques at different periods and in response to the availability of different materials and increasing evidence of the re-use of materials and complete re-working of coffins for new owners, leading us to question fundamental attitudes to the purpose of coffins as a containers of human remains and the practices of craftsmen in the funerary industry. The papers stem from the conference Ancient Egyptian coffins: past, present, future, held at the Museum from April 7-9, 2016, to accompany the exhibition Death on the Nile: uncovering the afterlife of ancient Egypt"--
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xxiii, 221 pages : illustrations (chiefly color), color map ; 29 cm. :
Includes bibliographical references (pages ix-xxiii). :
9781785709180
1785709186