structures commons » structures communes (توسيع البحث), structure commune (توسيع البحث), structures romaines (توسيع البحث)
power structures » des structures (توسيع البحث)
commons based » columns based (توسيع البحث)
Minhāj al-ʿulā : Risalaʾī dar bāb-i ḥukūmat-i qānūn /
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In the beginning, Qajar rulership (1210-1344/1796-1925) pretty much reflected the traditional, top-down leadership common among the Turkic tribes from which this dynasty had come forth. It was only under Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh Qājār (r. 1264-1313/1848-96) that serious attempts at reforms were made, initially under Chancellor Mīrzā Taqī Khān, in office between 1264/1848 and 1268/1851. However, Amīr Kabīr's energetic initiatives met with internal resistence, leading to his downfall and subsequent murder in a bathhouse in Fin Garden, Kashan, in 1268/1852. In the years following, Nāṣir al-Dīn Shāh introduced various administrative initiatives, but ineffectiveness and internal resistence remained important impediments to genuine reforms. Well-structured and lucid, the present work by Abū Ṭālib Bihbihānī is one of several memoranda on reform that were sent to the shah in the course of his reign. Focussing on the separation of powers as codified in European constitutional law, many of its suggestions were implemented in Iran's first constitution of 1906-07.
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1 online resource. :
9789004405592
9789648700909
Ottoman Provincial Society and the Waqf of Jerusalem, 1703-1831 /
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This book examines early modern Jerusalem's waqf system through an Ottoman provincial lens, analyzing how diverse social groups engaged with these endowments in judicial contexts. Conceptualizing waqf s-central to the city's socioeconomic fabric and urban identity-as an interconnected " waqf network", the research demonstrates the commodification of waqf offices among elites, and their enduring control over pious foundations. These processes reveal how provincial power structures mediated between imperial standards and local interests. Focusing on notable families who monopolized waqf -related privileges, the work reconstructs Jerusalemite society through multiple frameworks: imperial waqf policies, social hierarchies, notable-commoner relations, and intercommunal dynamics-positioning endowments as both economic assets and instruments of governance. Bu kitap, erken modern dönem Kudüs'ündeki vakıf sistemini Osmanlı taşra perspektifinden incelemekte ve çeşitli sosyal grupların bu vakıflarla hukuki bağlamda nasıl etkileşime girdiğini analiz etmektedir. Kentin sosyo-ekonomik dokusu ve kentsel kimlğinin merkezinde yer alan vakıfları birbiriyle bağlantılı bir "vakıf ağı" olarak kavramsallaştıran araştırma, seçkinler arasında vakıf görevlerinin metalaşması ve bu kesimin hayır kurumları üzerindeki kalıcı denetimlerini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu süreçler, taşradaki güç yapılarının imparatorluk standartlarıyla yerel menfaatler arasında nasıl aracılık ettiğini gözler önüne sermektedir. Vakıfla ilgili ayrıcalıkları tekelleştiren önemli ailelere odaklanan çalışma, Kudüs toplumunu çoklu çerçevelerle yeniden inşa etmektedir: imparatorluk vakıf politikaları, sosyal hiyerarşiler, seçkinler-halk ilişkileri ve cemaatler arası dinamikler. Böylece vakıflar, hem ekonomik varlıklar hem de yönetim araçları olarak konumlandırılmaktadır.
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1 online resource (550 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004743441
International Law and Business : Comparative Methods and Global Case Studies /
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This book introduces law in the context of international business. The basics of law are explored using a clear comparative methodology. International and regional economic institutions are discussed, next to the fundaments of private law. These include contract law, liability law, labour law, company law, privacy law, intellectual property law and international private law. The book goes beyond the usual focus on Western legal systems and uses examples from all over the world to provide students with comprehensive knowledge of business law. It is set up rather broadly, so that it can be used by teachers throughout their entire curriculum. Each chapter ends with a clear summary. With its colourful cases, this book is accessible and fun to read.
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1 online resource (434 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004700727
Comparative Space Law : The Space Frontier from a Private Law Perspective /
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This book approaches space law from the angle of legal comparison. In a new phase of exploration and exploitation of outer space characterised by an increasing presence and role of commercial entities, problems inherent in systems of private law arise in a special context and require specific legal answers. Through a comparative method, this book systematises the complex legal spacescape concerning some fundamental concepts rooted in the various national systems of private law: natural and legal persons, property rights, liability, contracts, and securities. These analyses form a handbook of private law in the context of outer space.
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1 online resource (273 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004724051
International Institutional Law : Seventh Revised Edition /
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This seventh, revised edition of International Institutional Law covers the most recent developments in the field. Although public international organizations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, the African Union, ASEAN, the European Union, Mercosur, NATO and OPEC have widely divergent objectives, powers, fields of activity and numbers of member states, they also have many institutional characteristics in common. There is unity within diversity. Rather than being a handbook for specific organizations, the book offers a comparative analysis of the institutional law of international organizations. It includes chapters on the rules and practices concerning membership, institutional structure, decision-making, financing, legal order, supervision and sanctions, legal status and external relations. The books theoretical framework and extensive use of examples from practice is designed to appeal to both academics and practitioners.
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1 online resource (1452 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004724822
Bridging the Gulf : Maritime Cultural Heritage of the Western Indian Ocean /
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The volume presents papers by archaeologists, anthropologists, historians and heritage specialists and highlights the multi-layered meaning of maritime cultural landscapes. The authors shift the emphasis from understanding heritage in its local context to discussing it across the waters of the Arabian Sea. The relationship between the sea and the land underlines the centrality of the coast; the communities who inhabited the space between the ocean and the hinterland; their histories and attempts at constructing their cultural environment. An important component of this cultural landscape is monumental architecture and archaeological sites, as also their inter-linkage with travelling groups who moved both across the sea, as well as on routes into the interior. A common concern that all papers share is with definitions of maritime heritage; different articulations of social and political power; and regional and local nautical traditions. One of the objectives of this volume is to underscore the important role of World Heritage, especially sites and monuments located along the coasts that have already been identified as national treasures by individual Nation States. The objective is to bring these coastal monuments and structures into dialogue with those located across the Ocean for a holistic understanding of maritime cultural heritage of the western Indian Ocean. It is suggested that this dialogue across the seas, would help in the protection and preservation of a maritime heritage known for its 'outstanding universal value'.
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1 online resource (228 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004753235