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Indigenous peoples and religious change /
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This book explores a range of societies in and around the Pacific and southern Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries that encountered religions introduced from elsewhere, or fashioned their own responses to already established religious traditions. These changes observed through the responses of the receiving societies indicate that religious change is a creative dynamic, rather than a passive acceptance of new ideas, beliefs and practices. While change is often triggered by the introduction of new understandings, it can only become entrenched within a community when it takes on meaning for individuals, and becomes embedded within the social and cultural life of the community.
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1 online resource (x, 262 pages) : illustrations, maps. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-251) and index. :
9789047405559 :
0924-9389 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The search for a theory of cognition : early mechanisms and new ideas /
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The book brings into relief the variety of approaches and disciplines that have informed the quest for a theory of cognition. The center of interest are the historical, geographical, and theoretical peripheries of classic AI's mainstream research program. The twelve chapters bring back into focus the variety of strategies and theoretical questions that researchers explored while working toward a scientific theory of cognition and pre-cognition. The volume is organized in four parts, each one including three essays. The first one deals with cybernetics, the approach that may be considered as the most important periphery of classic AI research. The second part focuses on the geographical periphery of AI research. It examines how the theories and techniques developed on AI's home ground were translated into countries with different cultures and traditions: Italy, France, and the Soviet Union. The third part focuses on AI's periphery understood in the cultural and historical meaning of the term. It contains essays that locate some of the central concepts of AI, like representation and computability, within a broader philosophical (Descartes, Aristotle, Leibniz) and technical background (programming theory and practice). The fourth and final part of the volume is focused directly on the limitation of Turing's classic computability theory and its possible alternatives, some of which were studied in the early years of AI's research (e.g. Ashby's re-entrant information model), while others have been intensely studied in recent times (quantum automata).
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1 online resource (xxvii, 375 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 313-351) and index. :
9789401207157 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Thinking with Marx Today, Volume 2 : "Man?" /
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Instead of abstract "man," Marx argued that there is an ensemble of societal relations that underpins social formations of various kinds as well as a variety of forms of individuality. In this second volume of Thinking with Marx Today, Lucien Sève presents what he calls Marx's revolution in anthropology. He deftly analyzes the philosophical preconditions and the fundamental concepts of this anthropology. This is followed by critiques of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and contemporary primatology coupled with borrowings from Freud, Politzer, Vygotsky, and contemporary literature on biography. Sève's aim is nothing less than to outline a science of human individuality.
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1 online resource (604 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004300408
Machines intimes : de Baudelaire à Barthes (en passant par Proust et Bataille) /
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Le retour spectaculaire du refoulé est l'un des déterminants du rythme particulier de la modernité. La machine y a aussi sa part. Quand les désirs et les peurs liés à la machine, abandonnés, silencieux, cachés derrière le voile du progrès, émergent, ils créent une sorte de phénoménologie de la machine, qui pendant de nombreuses décennies constitue un point de référence pour des activités littéraires et artistiques. La machine s'y trouve, pour ainsi dire, intériorisée ; inextricablement liée aux affects et aux désirs, elle devient ce que je me propose d'appeler machine intime. Ce processus est étudié ici à travers les œuvres de Baudelaire, Proust, Bataille, Barthes, et quelques autres, dont Roussel, Artaud, Didi-Huberman, ainsi que dans la littérature érotique contemporaine. The spectacular return of the repressed is one of the determinants of the particular rhythm of modernity. The machine also plays its part. When the desires and fears linked to the machine, abandoned, silent, hidden behind the veil of progress, emerge, they create a kind of phenomenology of the machine, which for many decades constituted a point of reference for literary and artistic activities. The machine is, so to speak, interiorised; inextricably linked to affects and desires, it becomes what I propose to call an intimate machine. This process is explored here through the works of Baudelaire, Proust, Bataille, Barthes and others, including Roussel, Artaud and Didi-Huberman, as well as in contemporary erotic literature.
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1 online resource (315 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004742734
Processional and Chapel Oracular Practice in The Place of Truth /
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Standing in stark contrast to the relative wealth of evidence about royal and temple based oracles, there is little to give us some notion of the analogous oracular practices of private religion during the New Kingdom of Egypt. The surviving documentation suggests that private individuals could approach their gods for oracular advice during festival processions. However, based on the Deir el-Medina materials, I argue that in addition to processional oracles, chapel oracles were employed by the villagers as well, if not more largely by common people in ancient Egypt. At Deir el-Medina, the former was given by the patron of the village, the deified king Amenhotep I, and was employed in an official setting in order to solve legal disputes. In contrast, the less documented chapel oracles, which could be perhaps delivered by deities other than Amenhotep I, concerned mostly mundane affairs. In both cases, however, oracles were mediated by the priests servicing the gods. This paper seeks to bring together and examine two sorts of evidence that are usually dealt with separately. Firstly, it provides an analysis of the available written testimonies on oracular ostraca found at Deir el-Medina, and discusses their textual significance by showing who the petitioners were, what kind of questions they asked and what the structure of the questions was. Secondly, it examines the archaeological remains of the chapels connected with oracles at Deir el-Medina and the role of the “brotherhood” of priests associated with them. I conclude with some remarks about the mechanics of the chapel oracles in connection with the modalities of their reception and the status of belief and faith. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/jarce.53.2017.a013