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Preferential Rules of Origin in the Law of the WTO and PTAs : The Challenge of 3D Printing /
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Where does a 3D printed good come from? This book examines preferential rules of origin within the context of advanced manufacturing, focusing on 3D printing. From a foundation in the legal and technical aspects of rules of origin, it explores why 3D printing implies reconsidering how materials, labour, and technology factor into the determination of the origin of a good and the risks and opportunities this brings to producers and traders. The book suggests revisiting rules of origin in PTAs and encourages the WTO to promote incorporating rules or origin and new production methods into a balanced trade framework that supports producers, traders, and consumers globally.
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1 online resource (253 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004730595
The Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856) /
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The Crimean War was a defining event in both European and Ottoman history, but it has principally been studied from the Europeans' point of view. This study analyzes the role of the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War and the War's impact on the Ottoman state and Ottoman society. Based on hitherto unused Ottoman and Russian sources, it offers new insights into the Crimean War's financial, social and political implications for the Empire, emphasizing the importance of the Ottomans as both actors and victims. In addition to analyzing Ottoman and European public opinion and the diplomatic, economic and political origins of the War, The Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856) also contains a critical review of the voluminous existing literature on the subject.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004190962 :
1380-6076 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
From the Damascus covenant to the covenant of the community : literary, historical, and theological studies in the Dead Sea scrolls /
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The focus of this volume is a history of covenantal theology in the Dead Sea Scrolls. At the heart of the work the author provides new insight into the origins of the \'new covenant in the land of Damascus\' (\'Damascus covenant\') and of the Qumran community (\'covenant of the community\'). The \'Damascus covenant\' arose as a national restoration movement in Third century BC Palestine among Jews who traced their history back to the returnees from exile. The Qumran community emerged out of the Damascus covenant in the 2nd century BC as a refuge for the faithful when the Damascus covenant and the Teacher of Righteousness suffered the betrayal of some of their adherents. Other chapters explore the topics of dualism, the righteousness of God in the thanksgiving hymns, and covenant renewal.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [555]-575) and indexes. :
9789047419310 :
0169-9962 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
First-Century Christians in Twenty-First Century Africa : Between Law and Grace in Gabon and Madagascar /
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Millions of African Christians who consider themselves genealogical descendants of one of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel-in other words, Jewish by ethnicity, but Christian in terms of faith-are increasingly choosing a religious affiliation that honors both of these identities. Their choice: Messianic Judaism. Messianic adherents emulate the Christians of the first century, observing the Jewish commandments while also affirming the salvational grace of Yeshua (Jesus). As the first comparative ethnography of such "fulfilled Jews" on the African continent, this book presents case studies that will enrich our understanding of one of global Christianity's most overlooked iterations.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004507708
9789004507692
Unorganized Religion: Pentecostalism and Secularization in Denmark, 1907-1924 /
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Two phenomena profoundly changed the shape of Christendom in the twentieth century: the rise of secularism in Europe, and the rise of Pentecostalism elsewhere. This book investigates the impact of an emerging secular culture on the early Pentecostal movement, using previously unpublished data to build its case study on Denmark. The first Pentecostals were idealists who sought to influence the existing churches from within, but eventually this approach gave way to the more successful strategy of forming separate Pentecostal churches. The insights found herein apply to all religious minorities who seek to adapt to an inhospitable context.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004509900
9789004509894
Analysing Muslim traditions : studies in legal, exegetical and Maghazi hadith /
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Since its inception, the study of Ḥadīth conducted by scholars trained in the Western academic tradition has been marked by sharp methodological debates. A focal issue is the origin and development of traditions on the advent of Islam. Scholars' verdicts on these traditions have ranged from "late fabrications without any historical value for the time concerning which the narrations purport to give information" to "early, accurately transmitted texts that allow one to reconstruct Islamic origins". Starting from previous contributions to the debate, the studies collected in this volume show that, by careful analysis of their texts and chains of transmission, the history of Muslim traditions can be reconstructed with a high degree of probability and their historicity assessed afresh.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. [467]-477) and index. :
9789004193314 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Monarchianism and Origen's Early Trinitarian Theology /
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This book argues that Origen's early Trinitarian theology cannot be understood apart from his engagement with monarchianism. After providing a detailed, synthetic account of monarchianism in the early third century, the book considers Origen's response to monarchianism alongside the responses of his rough contemporaries. Specifically, the final chapters address the question of Origen's subordinationism. When viewed in his contemporary context and not through the anachronistic lens of Nicene theology, this study argues that Origen's so-called subordinationism was an intentional anti-monarchian polemic strategy.
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This book presents a cogent account of monarchianism, a core context for the development of trinitarian theology at the beginning of the third century, before situating Origen's early trinitarian theology as formulated in response to monarchianism. :
1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004516564
9789004516557
Monarchianism and Origen's Early Trinitarian Theology /
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This book argues that Origen's early Trinitarian theology cannot be understood apart from his engagement with monarchianism. After providing a detailed, synthetic account of monarchianism in the early third century, the book considers Origen's response to monarchianism alongside the responses of his rough contemporaries. Specifically, the final chapters address the question of Origen's subordinationism. When viewed in his contemporary context and not through the anachronistic lens of Nicene theology, this study argues that Origen's so-called subordinationism was an intentional anti-monarchian polemic strategy.
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This book presents a cogent account of monarchianism, a core context for the development of trinitarian theology at the beginning of the third century, before situating Origen's early trinitarian theology as formulated in response to monarchianism. :
1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004516564
9789004516557
The Go-Between: Augustine on Deacons
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In recent and contemporary scholarship, the deacon as a leader in the Early Church is an often-neglected subject. This book focuses on the roles and functions of the deacon in Augustine's literary output. The author's approach is detailed and appropriately cautious and is always attentive to the text. He analyses Augustine's way of commenting on deacons and how the bishop of Hippo wrote about them, as well as his manner of preaching on saints and martyrs who were deacons. The book thus provides a new perspective on the early deacons who were not social workers, but go-betweens or intermediaries between the bishop and his flock, between the Scriptures and daily life, and between Church and society. He emphasises in particular how deacons were epistle bearers responsible for the world wide web of Early Christianity.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004391369 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The earliest history of the Christian gathering : origin, development and content of the Christian gathering in the first to third centuries /
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Recent research has made a strong case for the view that Early Christian communities, sociologically considered, functioned as voluntary religious associations. This is similar to the practice of many other cultic associations in the Greco-Roman world of the first century CE. Building upon this new approach, along with a critical interpretation of all available sources, this book discusses the social and religio-historical background of the weekly gatherings of Christians and presents a fresh reconstruction of how the weekly gathering originated and developed in both form and content. The topics studied here include the origins of the observance of Sunday as the weekly Christian feast-day, the shape and meaning of the weekly gatherings of the Christian communities, and the rise of customs such as preaching, praying, singing, and the reading of texts in these meetings.
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Revision of the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--Leiden University, 2009. :
1 online resource (xvii, 342 pages) : illustrations, plans. :
Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-321) and indexes. :
9789004190702 :
0920-623X ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Life at the bottom of Babylonian societ y servile laborers at Nippur in the 14th and 13th centuries, B.C. /
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Life at the Bottom of Babylonian Society is a study of the population dynamics, family structure, and legal status of publicly-controlled servile workers in Kassite Babylonia. It compares some of the demographic aspects proper to this group with other intensively studied past populations, such as Roman Egypt, Medieval Tuscany, and American slave plantations. It suggests that families, especially those headed by single mothers, acted as a counter measure against population reduction (flight and death) and as a means for the state to control this labor force. The work marks a step forward in the use of quantitative measures in conjunction with cuneiform sources to achieve a better understanding of the social and economic forces that affected ancient Near Eastern populations.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and indexes. :
9789004207042 :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
The mission of the Portuguese Augustinians to Persia and beyond (1602-1747) /
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In The Mission of the Portuguese Augustinians to Persia and Beyond (1602-1747), John M. Flannery describes the establishment and activities of the Portuguese Augustinian mission in Persia. Hopes of converting the Safavid ruler of the Shi'a Muslim state would come to naught, as would the attempts of Shah 'Abbas I to use the services of the missionaries, as representatives of the Spanish Habsburgs, to forge an anti-Ottoman alliance with the papacy and the Christian rulers of Europe. Prevented from converting Muslims, the Augustinians turned their attention to Armenian and Syriac Christians in Isfahan, later also establishing new missions among Christians in Georgia and the Mandaeans of the Basra region, all of which are described herein. The history of the Augustinian Order is generally under-represented by contrast with other Orders, and this study breaks new ground in existing scholarship.
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1 online resource (xi, 286 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004247703 :
0924-9389 ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Philosophical Approaches to Politics and Ethics : Reflecting on Chinese and Western Traditions /
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In Philosophical Approaches to Politics and Ethics , Yang Guorong investigates influential political and ethical topics in Chinese and Western philosophies. This is the first and only English-language translation of the text, originally authored by one of the most influential living philosophers in China. Yang looks general issues such as moral behaviour, humanism, wisdom, or "how to do philosophy," as well as at broad topics from various discourses, such as the relationship between rights and duties, or humaneness and propriety, and more concentrated discussions, such as the Gettier Problem or Zhang Zai's thought. Throughout, Yang draws on resources from Chinese and Western traditions to develop post-comparative philosophical reflections on these issues-in this way Yang engages in what he calls "world philosophy."
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1 online resource (350 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004727618
Signs, Intentionality, and Imaginability : Selected Papers /
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This book contains essays by Horst Ruthrof, tracing the author's intellectual history from his encounter with literature to his critique of the philosophy of language. If you have ever felt that our linguistic and philosophical approaches to language lack an explanation of what renders it so powerful, you share the author's motivation for writing these essays. With tools from Locke, Kant, Peirce, and especially Husserl, the author redefines natural language as "a set of social instructions for schematically imagining, and acting in, a world" and gradually identifies what grants natural language its power: imaginability .
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1 online resource (375 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004742314
Like Dust on the Silk Road : On the Earliest Iranian and BMAC Loanwords in Tocharian /
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How did the Tocharians reach China? "Who did they meet on the way?" are some of the most intriguing questions in Indo-European studies. This book is zooming in on a specific part of the question: on their way to China, Tocharians were in contact with an Iranian people living in the south Siberian Steppes, and with a people related to the Oxus Civilization (BMAC). This Iranian people spoke a specific language, called here "Old Steppe Iranian". They gave Tocharians many words, such as mañiye 'servant', etswe 'burden-carrying horse' or 'mule', pāke 'portion, share'. The BMAC-related people gave the Tocharians other words such as etre 'hero' and kercapo 'donkey'. This book reconstructs features of the language of both these peoples, and examines how they influenced the Tocharians. Based on the latest archaeological findings, it also suggests a reconstruction of the chronology and the way the Tocharians followed before entering the Tarim Basin. Winner of the 2nd prize for the best dissertation of the Indogermanische Gesellschaft prize for the best Indo-European studies dissertation.
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1 online resource (340 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004732537
Ibn al-ʿArabī's Kitāb Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam wa-Khuṣūṣ al-Kalim : Edition Based on the Earliest Extant Manuscript /
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Although the exemplar of the Fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam has mysteriously disappeared shortly after its composition, the earliest copy in al-Qūnawī's hand has survived. Having been collated with the orginal, read in front of Ibn al-ʿArabī, and signed by him, it stands as the vetustissimus and optimus. This edition is established on its reading and is checked against ʿAfīfī's classic. Besides a fully vocalized text, it provides an appended facsimile of the manuscript. The introductory section is the first comprehensive study that tracks the whole story of the manuscript and attempts to identify possible scattered traces of the lost original. It reviews attitudes towards the text, as well as a century of scholarly research on it, and illustrates key concepts of the Master's doctrine to help contextualize the book contents.
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1 online resource (450 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004709584
The Codex of the Anonimo Magliabechiano : Newly edited with a transcription faithful to the original manuscript and provided with an Introduction /
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This book offers a new edition of one of the most important art historical sources on Italian art. Written not long before Vasari's famous Lives (1550), this source provides an overview of art from Cimabue to Michelangelo. Moreover, the author's ambition was to provide a sketch of the art of classical antiquity. First published in the late nineteenth century, the Codex has led to numerous questions, the main one being: who was its author? We believe we have found the answer to this question, which led us to come up with a new edition of the Codex.
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1 online resource (312 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004539785
Moving in the Margins: Desert Travel and Power in Medieval Central Asia /
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Central Asia has been perceived as a landscape of connections, of Silk Roads; an endless plain across which waves of conquerors swiftly rode on horseback. In reality the region is highly fragmented and difficult to traverse, and overcoming these obstacles led to routes becoming associated with epic travel and high-value trade. Put simply, the inhabitants of these lands became experts in the art of travelling the margins. This volume seeks to unravel some of the myths of long-distance roads in Central Asia, using a desert case-study to put forward a new hypothesis for how medieval landscapes were controlled and manipulated.
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1 online resource (300 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004710283
The Call of Albion : Protestants, Jesuits, and British Literature in Poland-Lithuania, 1567-1775 /
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An in-depth look at British-Polish literary pre-Enlightenment contacts, The Call of Albion explores how the reverberations of British religious upheavals in distant Poland-Lithuania surprisingly served to strengthen the impact of English, Scottish, and Welsh works on Polish literature. The book argues that Jesuits played a key role in that process. The book provides an insightful account of how the transmission, translation, and recontextualization of key publications by British Protestants and Catholics served Calvinist and Jesuit agendas, while occasionally bypassing barriers between confessionally defined textual communities and inspiring Polish-Lithuanian political thought, as well as literary tastes.
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1 online resource (462 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004687653