structural causes » structural changes (توسيع البحث), structural features (توسيع البحث), structural analyses (توسيع البحث)
time structural » time structure (توسيع البحث), choice structural (توسيع البحث), ontic structural (توسيع البحث)
The Congress of Carlowitz (1698/99) : Supra-cultural Diplomatic Norms and Practices of Peacemaking at the End of the Seventeenth Century /
:
This book delivers the first comprehensive analysis of the Peace Congress of Carlowitz (1698/99), challenging traditional Eurocentric views on early modern diplomacy. It demonstrates that peacemaking norms and practices were largely 'supra-cultural'-transcending cultural and religious divides across Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Carlowitz emerges as a significant multi-religious congress that introduced pioneering practices, particularly in ceremonial regulations. By confronting cultural essentialism, provincialising the Westphalian congress-model paradigm, and demythologising Carlowitz as a decisive political turning point-notably marking the adoption of a Western European-style diplomacy by cultural 'outliers' such as the Ottoman Empire and Muscovy-this study offers fresh insights into the complexity and polycentric nature of early modern multilateral diplomacy.
:
1 online resource (508 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004458499
Virtue, Piety and the Law : A Study of Birgivī Meḥmed Efendī's al-Ṭarīqa al-muḥammadiyya /
:
In Virtue, Piety and the Law Katharina Ivanyi examines Birgivī Meḥmed Efendī's (d. 981/1573) al-Ṭarīqa al-muḥammadiyya , a major work of pietist exhortation and advice, composed by the sixteenth-century Ottoman jurist, Ḥadīth scholar and grammarian, who would articulate a style of religiosity that had considerable reformist appeal into modern times. Linking the cultivation of individual virtue to questions of wider political, social and economic concern, Birgivī played a significant role in the negotiation and articulation of early modern Ottoman Ḥanafī piety. Birgivī's deep mistrust of the passions of the human soul led him to prescribe a regime of self-surveillance and control that was only matched in rigor by his likewise exacting interpretation of the law in matters of everyday life, as much as in state practices, such as the cash waqf, Ottoman land tenure and taxation.
:
1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004431843
9789004419865