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The Millennium Kabīr Vāṇī : A Collection of Pad-s /
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When around 1500 the Muslim weaver Kabīr sang his songs in Banaras, nobody could imagine that at the end of the twentieth century he would he most frequently quoted bhakti saint in north India. Five hundred years after Kabīr was born in Banaras and after at least 80 years of scholarship, do we have any certainty that the songs attributed to him and published in critical and uncritical editions and translations, are by Kabīr? I doubt it more and more. Between Kabīr and our computer age lie 150 years of oral transmission (which never stopped) and nearly 400 years of scribal transmission. We have no oral recordings of Kabīr scolding his audiences and I take it for granted that he did not write down his compositions. What we have are manuscripts in which his popular repertoire was written down, first by travelling singers, and later, in a more respectful and professional way, by devoted scribes. But what do we have of Kabīr in those repertoires? I argue that with certainty we can only say that the version of Kabīr's songs found in the seventeenth century manuscripts is the version commonly used and sung by singers then. Among the pad-s in the Vā]nī of Kabīr we can earmark those that may have been popular in the repertoires around 1550, that is two generations after the death of Kabīr and one generation before the first manuscripts still preserved now were written. The norm is 'occurrence' in Punjab and/or Rajasthan. When everything is said and done, one question remains: How could Kabīr become so charismatic that many devotees, possibly during his lifetime and definitely after his death, were happy to insert his name as bha]nitā in their own compositions and let those songs circulate with his name, not their own? What was his genius that eventually was changed into a social consciousness strongly influencing later generations?
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1 online resource (640 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004752214
Ancient Greeks west and east /
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This volume deals with the concept of 'West' and 'East', as held by the ancient Greeks. Cultural exchange in Archaic and Classical Greece through the establishment of Hellenic colonies around the ancient world was an important development, and always a two-way process. To achieve a proper understanding of it requires study from every angle. All 24 papers in this volume combine different types of evidence, discussing them from every perspective: they are examined not only from the point of view of the Greeks but from that of the locals. The book gives new data, as well as re-examining existing evidence and reinterpreting old theories. The book is richly illustrated.
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1 online resource (xxi, 623 pages) : illustrations, maps. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004351257 :
0169-8958. Supplementum ; :
Available to subscribing member institutions only.
Pontus and the Outside World : Studies in Black Sea History, Historiography, and Archaeology /
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This volume presents ten papers on the Greek and non-Greek world of the Black Sea in the archaic, classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. Five papers broach literary and historical topics. Four investigate material in Greek writers (Alcman, Aristeas of Proconnesus, Herodotus and Lucian) connected with Scythia and the North, while the fifth deals with the Bosporan Kingdom. Mediterranean Greek contact with, and reception of, the Pontic world play a significant role throughout. The other five papers concern pottery and metalwork (vessels and phalerae ) from Colchis, the North Black Sea and elsewhere. Some new material for the West is published (from Vani and Picvnari) but light is also cast on familiar objects (Sarmatian gold vessels) and iconography (Amazonomachies). Contact between the Aegean and Pontus is again a recurrent theme.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789047412403
9789004121546