Willensfreiheit, Wissenschaft und diskursive Vernunft : Überlegungen zu Philosophie und (Forschungs-)Praxis /
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Psychologie und Neurowissenschaft scheinen eine generelle Skepsis gegenüber dem freien Willen zu befördern: Sind unsere Entscheidungen nicht letztlich immer durch wissenschaftlich beschreibbare Faktoren festgelegt? In diesem Buch wird dagegen eine starke, libertarische Form von Willensfreiheit verteidigt: In vielen Situationen liegen offene Möglichkeiten vor uns, zwischen denen mit vernünftigen Gründen zu wählen ist. Diese grundsätzlich bestehende Freiheit kann unterminiert werden, etwa durch unbewusste Einflüsse oder sehr starke Antriebe wie Süchte oder Zwänge. Bei Urteilen darüber, ob und inwieweit das in konkreten Situationen der Fall ist, bleiben Spielräume für informierte Entscheidungen, die wiederum frei und verantwortlich getroffen werden müssen - im Alltag, aber auch etwa in Strafprozessen. Solche Urteile können durch wissenschaftliche Befunde gestützt, aber kaum erzwungen werden. Hier wirken die Perspektiven der diskursiven Vernunft und der empirischen Wissenschaften zusammen.
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1 online resource (160 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9783969753187
Demontage des Subjekts : Soziale Medien, Künstliche Intelligenz, Transhumanismus /
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Das Buch zeichnet die grundstürzende Demontage des Subjekts durch den grassierenden Einfluss der Sozialen Medien, der Künstlichen Intelligenz und des Transhumanismus nach. Ausgehend von einer vielschichtigen Analyse des tradierten Subjektbegriffs wird deutlich, dass das Subjekt nur eine philosophische Fiktion ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, von welchem Standpunkt aus seiner - im Unterschied zur philosophischen und psychologischen Subjektkritik - unreflektierten und theorielosen Demontage dennoch etwas entgegensetzt werden kann. Vorgeschlagen wird ein existenzieller Bezug auf das Nichtidentische als Statthalter des individuell Besonderen im Sinne Adornos. Damit werden die klassischen Subjektattribute - Vernunft, freier Wille, Handlungsfreiheit und Autonomie - umgangen, während das Individuelle in seiner Abgrenzung gegen das Allgemeine bewahrt und gerettet wird.
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1 online resource (188 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9783846770900
Anatomy of What We Value Most /
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The book analyzes, synthesizes, and evaluates the insights of the world's outstanding thinkers, prophets, and literary masters on the good, the morally right, and the lovely (part one); the question whether the world operates on the basis of such universal laws as the logos, the tao, and the principle of polarity (part two); what there is and isn't in the world, including such categories as existence, reality, being, and nonbeing (part three); and pre-eminently credible and enriching beliefs about truth, wisdom, and what it all means (part four). Emphasis is placed on the divergent views of such intellectual giants as Confucius and Laotse in ancient China; the classical Hindu philosophers from ancient times to Gandhi and Tagore; patriarchs and prophets quoted in Scripture; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; Saints Augustine and Thomas Aquinas in the Middle Ages; Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Hume, and Kant; and nineteenth- and twentieth-century luminaries such as Bentham, Mill, Peirce, James, Dewey, Sartre, and Wittgenstein. The differences and resemblances of their cogitations are portrayed as a conversation of the ages on questions of persistent concern.
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1 online resource. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004495074
9789042003910
Scepticism and Naturalism: Hume, Wittgenstein, Strawson /
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In this volume, a group of scholars from moral philosophy, epistemology, metaphysics, and the history of philosophy explore the idea of naturalism as it occurs in the celebrated responses to scepticism offered by David Hume, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and P.F. Strawson. Philosophers have long been puzzled by the fact that each of these figures approaches scepticism by emphasising certain general facts about human nature. There has also been a debate over how these philosophers' discussions of scepticism were shaped by their wider views on naturalism as a philosophical orientation that prioritises the natural sciences. This is the first volume to offer a comprehensive and comparative exploration of the guiding themes of scepticism and naturalism in the work of these three great figures.
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1 online resource (332 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004732889
The Play of Philosophy: Thinking with Drew Hyland /
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This volume on the work of Drew Hyland invites readers to join in the open and responsive dialogue that characterizes philosophical life, according to Hyland. Contributors engage figures from Plato to Heidegger and explore themes including love, beauty, play, and transcendence. Each essay reflects philosophy as a lived, communal practice rather than a doctrinal system. Highlights include a meditation on seduction in Plato's Symposium , an imagined dialogue between Hyland and Hans-Georg Gadamer, and a previously unpublished essay by Hyland on Antonioni's Blowup . This collection honors Hyland's legacy and carries it forward-inviting readers to think, question, and philosophize together with him.
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1 online resource (215 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004751293
Apparences et dialectique : Un commentaire du Sophiste de Platon /
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Dans le Sophiste de Platon, un mystérieux étranger venu d'Élée entreprend de définir méthodiquement le rival le plus farouche du philosophe, le sophiste. Sa définition est cependant interrompue par une tentative de réfuter l'ontologie de Parménide. La signification propre de cette réfutation et sa relation exacte avec la chasse au sophiste demeurent très controversées dans la littérature secondaire. Ce livre propose un commentaire suivi du dialogue montrant comment la distinction, souvent négligée, entre dialectique et apparences permet de trancher dans les controverses suscitées par le Sophiste , tout en restaurant l'unité et l'originalité profondes de la pensée de Platon. In Plato's Sophist , a mysterious Eleatic Stranger, the main character of the dialogue, undertakes a systematic definition of the philosopher's fiercest rival, the sophist. His hunt for a definition of the sophist, however, is interrupted by an attempt to refute the ontology of Parmenides. The philosophical significance of this refutation and its exact relationship to the sought-after definition remains a matter of great scholarly dispute. This book, by means of a running commentary on the dialogue, argues that the oft-neglected distinction between dialectic and appearances is not only the key to solving this and other exegetical conundrums, but also reveals the unity and originality of Plato's argument in the Sophist .
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1 online resource :
9789004533066
9789004533080
Ways of the Scientific World-Conception. Rudolf Carnap and Otto Neurath /
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Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970) and Otto Neurath (1882-1945) had a decisive influence on the development of the scientific world view of logical empiricism. Their relationship was marked by mutual intellectual stimulation, close collaboration, and per
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1 online resource (374 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004680203
Maximilian Beck: Ausgewählte Schriften. Phänomenologie, Erkenntnistheorie, Ontologie /
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This book is the first attempt at a critical edition of selected works and letters by Maximilian Beck-the "forgotten phenomenologist". Maximilian, or Max, Beck was one of the representatives of the early phenomenological tradition and in particular of the so-called "Munich" phenomenological circle. In the introductory chapter, Daniele De Santis presents his life, his most important publications and the general character of his philosophy. Beck supported a strong objectivism in ontology and theory of ideas and advocated a radical form of "naïve realism" in the theory of knowledge. He was the author of the first long, critical discussion of Heidegger's Being and Time and a radical critic of all forms of transcendentalism and idealism, especially those of Husserl and Heidegger. Dieses Buch ist der erste Versuch einer textkritischen Ausgabe ausgewählter Werke und Briefe von Maximilian Beck-dem "vergessenen Phänomenologen". Maximilian, oder Max, Beck war einer der Vertreter der frühen phänomenologischen Tradition und insbesondere des sogenannten "Münchner" Phänomenologiekreises. In der Einleitung stellt Daniele De Santis sein Leben, seine Veröffentlichungen und den allgemeinen Charakter seiner Philosophie vor. Beck unterstützte einen starken Objektivismus in der Ontologie und Ideentheorie und vertrat einen "naïven Realismus" in der Erkenntnistheorie. Beck war der Autor der ersten langen und kritischen Besprechung von Heideggers Sein und Zeit und ein Kritiker aller Formen von Transzendentalismus und Idealismus, insbesondere derjenigen von Husserl und Heidegger.
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1 online resource (379 pages) : illustrations. :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004723986
Scripture and Knowledge, An Essay on Religious Epistemology.
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At the core of Scripture and Knowledge lies the problem of the nature of religious knowledge. The author argues that religion is a particular framework rather than a particular content or defined set of performances. He sees this framework as epistemological, that is, as one that furnishes believers with a conception of knowledge alternative to that of philosophical reasoning. The thesis on the epistemological nature of religion will be developed by the examination of the concept of scripture as a body of authoritative and even infallible texts. The concept of scripture is presented as one of the constitutive concepts of the epistemological framework of religion. The author argues that the various scriptures and their commentaries should be understood as the arena within which the epistemological process of religion takes place and the central epistemological means by which religious knowledge is made possible.
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1 online resource. :
9789004378919
Pyrrhonian scepticism and Hegel's theory of judgement : a treatise on the possibility of scientific inquiry /
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Hegel's Science of Logic is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest works of European philosophy. However, its contribution to arguably the most important philosophical problem, Pyrrhonian scepticism, has never been examined in any detail. Pyrrhonian Scepticism and Hegel's Theory of Judgement fills a great lacuna in Hegel scholarship by convincingly proving that the dialectic of the judgement in Hegel's Science of Logic successfully refutes this kind of scepticism. Although Ioannis Trisokkas has written the book primarily for those students of philosophy who already have an interest in Hegel's epistemology and philosophy of language and/or his Science of Logic , it will also appeal to those who investigate the problem of scepticism independently of the Hegel corpus.
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1 online resource (383 pages) :
Includes bibliographical references and index. :
9789004232402 :
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